Miniature interrogator for multiplexed FBG strain sensors based on a thermally tunable microring resonator array

Yang, Fan; Zhang, Wenjia; Zhao, Shuangxiang; Liu, Qingwen; Tao, Jifang; He, Zuyuan

doi:10.1364/oe.27.006037

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Figs. 16 and 17 clearly point out the fast capabilities of the proposed integrated reading unit on chip, demonstrating its potential for fast dynamic strain measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In order to test the interrogation method at extremely high frequencies an FBG wavelength sinusoidal variation of 40 pm has been applied at 40 kHz; Figs. 16 and 17 report the wavelength variation and the power spectral density for the two ring resonators. Note that the maximum stress frequency that could be applied to FBG sensor was limited by the frequency response of the piezo actuator; also we did not observe any performance degradation of the RR based integrated interrogation method as its dynamic performance is basically only limited by the electrical bandwidth of the used Thorlabs PDA10CS InGaAs Switchable Gain photodetector (775 KHz with an electrical gain of 2.38 x 10 4 V/A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For more information, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ time response limits the speed of the wavelength resonance scanning and the corresponding speed of the interrogation scheme. A phase detection method based on RRs using a dithering signal was also proposed in [16], where the generation of an antisymmetric error signal curve is used for locking the RR resonance to the FBG sensor wavelength shift. In order to overcome the speed limitation of such a sensor interrogator, the use of the non-linear transient response of a thermally tuned silicon ring resonator has been proposed in [17], however with some limitations mainly due to reliability issues related to possible micro-heater failure when operated at high frequency and power levels, and rather limited resolution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast FBG Interrogator on Chip Based on Silicon on Insulator Ring Resonator Add/Drop Filters

Tozzetti

Bontempi

Giacobbe

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A fast FBG sensor interrogator on chip based on SOI ring resonator (RR) filters is presented. The measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift is based on the detection of multiple signals at the output ports of the RR filter, providing fast dynamic strain measurement capabilities, fundamentally limited by the photodetector bandwidth and signal processing. The ring resonator resonance wavelength is tuned and fixed by an integrated heater and the ring acts as a passband filter for the reflected FBG spectrum. After a theoretical analysis of the interrogation method, which allows the optimization of the RR characteristics depending on the specific application and requirements, we present experimental results on a single RR based interrogation scheme applying high frequency dynamic strain up to 40 kHz. We also theoretically evaluate the performance of multi-ring resonators. The proposed scheme provides low cost, high scalability to mass-volume market applications as well as an extremely fast interrogation method.

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“…Figs. 16 and 17 clearly point out the fast capabilities of the proposed integrated reading unit on chip, demonstrating its potential for fast dynamic strain measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fast FBG Interrogator on Chip Based on Silicon on Insulator Ring Resonator Add/Drop Filters

Tozzetti

Bontempi

Giacobbe

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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show abstract

“…Therefore, it will be impossible to operate TS of impacted wavelengths in affected TChs. Suitable short-pulse narrowband tunable lasers for FBG sensing or TS applications were described by [26], [27], [28], [29], [30]. Using values from Table I we can find that a wavelength is occupied by the laser sweeping for a duration of Tsp laser ≈ 3.766 ms. Each TCh is affected by nλ TCh  10 laser wavelengths, see Fig.…”

Section: B Laser Scanning Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for C-Band Shared FBG Sensing and Telecommunications

Cibira

Glesk

Dubovan

2022

IEEE Internet Things J.

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The telecommunications data transfer in singlemode (SM) optical fiber (OF) of a passive optical network (PON) is managed by dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA). In most internet of things (IoT) sensor network applications, both raw sensing signals and telecommunication data are transmitted in SM OFs, too. At the present time, this is not done in a shared SM OF. This paper presents a novel concept to share FBG sensing and telecommunication services (TS) in the optical C-band of the shared transmission. This concept is based on statistical detection and monitoring of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) sensing signals. The key steps of the proposed concept are FBG power spectral peaks statistical detection, monitoring of the FBGs dynamics and periodical estimation of TChs occupancy and availability. The proposed concept was demonstrated and validated using sensor network with a deployed group of FBG-based sensors, by implementing various static or dynamic approaches. By doing so, we achieved telecommunication channels (TChs) bandwidth availability approaching 80 %, compared to previously wasted bandwidth with availability at most 15.6 %. Experimental results showed that a DBA system with implemented dynamic TChs occupancy is a reliable way to share fiber bandwidth between both FBG sensing and TChs.

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“…Compared to other sensing technologies, optical fiber sensors (OFSs) offer advantages as they are electrically (galvanically) isolated, immune to electromagnetic interference (EMI), intrinsically safe, resistant to chemical corrosion, useable at elevated temperatures, have a wide bandwidth, are capable of multiplexing, are minimally invasive, have good accuracy and resolution, have reduced sizes and weights, their interrogator systems can be installed far from the remotely monitored points, and they do not require any electrical power at the measuring points [8,23,24]. OFSs are precise in measuring pressure, temperature, acoustic fields, strain, torsion, deformation, curvature, force, vibration, acceleration, rotation, humidity, viscosity, and chemical parameters [7,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Based on Michelson’s Interferometer with Active Stabilization for Liquid Volume Measurement

Duque

Díaz

Leal‐Junior

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Sensing technologies using optical fibers have been studied and applied since the 1970s in oil and gas, industrial, medical, aerospace, and civil areas. Detecting ultrasound acoustic waves through fiber-optic hydrophone (FOH) sensors can be one solution for continuous measurement of volumes inside production tanks used by these industries. This work presents an FOH system composed of two optical fiber coils made with commercial single mode fiber (SMF) working in the sensor head of a Michelson’s interferometer (MI) supported by an active stabilization mechanism that drives another optical coil wound around a piezoelectric actuator (PZT) in the reference arm to mitigate external mechanical and thermal noise from the environment. A 1000 mL glass graduated cylinder filled with water is used as a test tank, inside which the sensor head and an ultrasound source are placed. For detection, amplitudes and phases are measured, and machine learning algorithms predict their respective liquid volumes. The acoustic waves create patterns electronically detected with resolution of 1 mL and sensitivity of 340 mrad/mL and 70 mvolts/mL. The nonlinear behavior of both measurands requires classification, distance metrics, and regression algorithms to define an adequate model. The results show the system can determine liquid volumes with an accuracy of 99.4% using a k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) classification with one neighbor and Manhattan’s distance. Moreover, Gaussian process regression using rational quadratic metrics presented a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.211 mL.

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Miniature interrogator for multiplexed FBG strain sensors based on a thermally tunable microring resonator array

Cited by 22 publications

References 15 publications

Fast FBG Interrogator on Chip Based on Silicon on Insulator Ring Resonator Add/Drop Filters

Fast FBG Interrogator on Chip Based on Silicon on Insulator Ring Resonator Add/Drop Filters

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation for C-Band Shared FBG Sensing and Telecommunications

Fiber-Optic Hydrophone Based on Michelson’s Interferometer with Active Stabilization for Liquid Volume Measurement

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