Miniature Rain Simulator for Field Measurement of Soil Infiltration

Ogden, C. B.; Es, Harold van; Schindelbeck, Robert R.

doi:10.2136/sssaj1997.03615995006100040008x

Cited by 144 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…This large i/R ratio and a Q B /i ratio close to 4% give indication of very high infiltration and drainage capacities, which are typical of andic-type volcanic soils (Poulenard et al, 2001;Cattan et al, 2006) and are further enhanced for perennial crops in the absence of tillage and in presence of substantial macroporosity (Dorel et al, 2000). It was indicated by preliminary measurements carried out in our experimental basin with a Cornell infiltrometer (Ogden et al, 1997) that steady state infiltrability values could be as high as 4.7 × 10 −5 m s −1 (168 mm h −1 ) (Kinoshita, personal communication, 2009). Recent experiments found hydraulic conductivity values as high as 3.4 × 10 −5 m s −1 (122 mm h −1 ) and 2.1 × 10 −5 m s −1 (75 mm h −1 ) for andisols in Costa Rica (Cannavo et al, 2010) and Guadeloupe (Charlier et al, 2008), respectively.…”

Section: Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 55%

Modelling the hydrological behaviour of a coffee agroforestry basin in Costa Rica

Gomez-Delgado

Roupsard

Maire

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The profitability of hydropower in Costa Rica is affected by soil erosion and sedimentation in dam reservoirs, which are in turn influenced by land use, infiltration and aquifer interactions with surface water. In order to foster the provision and payment for Hydrological Environmental Services (HES), a quantitative assessment of the impact of specific land uses on the functioning of drainage-basins is required. The present paper aims to study the water balance partitioning in a volcanic coffee agroforestry microbasin (1 km 2 , steep slopes) in Costa Rica, as a first step towards evaluating sediment or contaminant loads. The main hydrological processes were monitored during one year, using flume, eddy-covariance flux tower, soil water profiles and piezometers. A new Hydro-SVAT lumped model is proposed, that balances SVAT (Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer) and basin-reservoir routines. The purpose of such a coupling was to achieve a trade-off between the expected performance of ecophysiological and hydrological models, which are often employed separately and at different spatial scales, either the plot or the basin. The calibration of the model to perform streamflow yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient equal to 0.89 for the year 2009, while the Correspondence to: F. Gómez-Delgado (fgomezd@ice.go.cr) validation of the water balance partitioning was consistent with the independent measurements of actual evapotranspiration (R 2 = 0.79, energy balance closed independently), soil water content (R 2 = 0.35) and water table level (R 2 = 0.84). Eight months of data from 2010 were used to validate modelled streamflow, resulting in a NS = 0.75. An uncertainty analysis showed that the streamflow modelling was precise for nearly every time step, while a sensitivity analysis revealed which parameters mostly affected model precision, depending on the season. It was observed that 64% of the incident rainfall R flowed out of the basin as streamflow and 25% as evapotranspiration, while the remaining 11% is probably explained by deep percolation, measurement errors and/or inter-annual changes in soil and aquifer water stocks. The model indicated an interception loss equal to 4% of R, a surface runoff of 4% and an infiltration component of 92%. The modelled streamflow was constituted by 87% of baseflow originating from the aquifer, 7% of subsurface nonsaturated runoff and 6% of surface runoff. Given the low surface runoff observed under the current physical conditions (andisol) and management practices (no tillage, planted trees, bare soil kept by weeding), this agroforestry system on a volcanic soil demonstrated potential to provide valuable HES, such as a reduced superficial displacement-capacity for fertilizers, pesticides and sediments, as well as a streamflow regulation function provided by the highly efficient mechanisms Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 370 F. Gómez-Delgado et al.: Modelling hydrological behaviour of coffee agroforestry basin in Costa Rica of ...

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Section: Infiltrationmentioning

confidence: 55%

Modelling the hydrological behaviour of a coffee agroforestry basin in Costa Rica

Gomez-Delgado

Roupsard

Maire

et al. 2011

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…fitted with Teflon capillary microtubing and an adjustable Mariotte-type bubbling tube to control hydraulic pressure (Ogden et al, 1997;Moebius et al, 2007). Approximately 30 g of dry soil aggregates (sieved past 0.25-2.00 mm) were evenly distributed on a 0.25-mm mesh sieve (200-mm diam.)…”

Section: Physical Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistics, Scoring Functions, and Regional Analysis of a Comprehensive Soil Health Database

Fine

Schindelbeck

2017

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

209

157

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Soil health (Sh) refers to the ability of a soil to function and provide ecosystem services. The Comprehensive Assessment of Soil health (CASh) is an approach that measures 15 physical, biological, and chemical soil indicators, which are interpreted through scoring functions. This study reports on the Sh status of 5767 samples from the mid-Atlantic, midwest, and northeast regions of the uSA as evaluated using CASh. descriptive statistics and AnOvAs of subdatasets by region and soil textural group for Sh indicators, in addition to correlation coefficients, principal component (pC) analysis, and best subsets regression (BSr) were performed. from these analyses, new CASh scoring functions were developed. Separate scoring functions by textural group (fine, medium, coarse) were necessary for Wet Aggregate Stability (WAS), Available Water Capacity (AWS), Organic matter (Om), Active Carbon (AC), and protein. differences existed among regions, especially for WAS, Om, protein, and respiration (resp), where the midwest had relatively lower mean values compared to the mid-Atlantic and northeast. Biological properties and WAS showed moderately strong correlations (r = 0.58-0.78) and the highest loadings for the first two pCs. BSr results using the overall soil quality index as the response variable indicated that AC accounts for 45% of the variation, with additional predictability from penetration resistance, resp, and WAS (68%). These four indicators are suggested for simplified Sh tests. We conclude that the CASh approach can be successfully applied to evaluate the health status of soils with differing pedogenetic histories. C onceptually, soil health (SH) represents the emerging understanding of soil quality. Both terms refer to the ability of a soil to function and provide ecosystem services based on its inherent characteristics (e.g., texture, mineralogy) and environmental conditions (Karlen et al., 1997;Andrews et al., 2004;Idowu et al., 2009). A soil's health status, within the context of land use and management goals, however, is consistent with the understanding of soils as a dynamic, complex, and living system (Doran and Zeiss, 2000). Intensive agriculture and poor land management practices have led to widespread soil degradation associated with increasing topsoil erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, compaction, and loss of organic matter (Matson et al., 1997). A sustainable future with an ever-growing global population depends on healthy, well-functioning soils, which increase water and air quality, sup- Core Ideas• Summary statistics were developed from a robust multiregional soil health (Sh) dataset.• Active carbon, organic matter, and penetration resistance were most useful soil health indicators.• midwestern soils had relatively lower mean values for measured biological properties than northeast or mid-Atlantic soils.

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“…Infiltration measurements were obtained using a Cornell Sprinkle Infiltrometer (CSI; Cornell University, Ithaca, New York) (Ogden et al 1997) at Piedmont 1 and 2, approximately five and seven months after plot establishment, respectively. The CSI ring was inserted into the ground to a depth of 7.5 cm (3 in) so the runoff exit opening on the ring was flush with the ground surface.…”

Section: Abstract: Compost-construction Site-erosion-runoff-tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tillage and compost amendment on infiltration in compacted soils

Mohammadshirazi¹,

Brown²,

Heitman³

et al. 2016

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Soils are compacted during land development through soil excavation and heavy equipment traffic. Compacted soils have limited infiltration and are susceptible to erosion. Infiltration can be enhanced by various approaches including tillage and compost addition. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of tillage and adding compost to reduce stormwater runoff and sediment loss by improving infiltration in simulated postconstruction soils. Tillage treatments were tested at two sites in the Piedmont region of North Carolina (Piedmont 1 and 2). Prior to applying tillage and amendment, soils at both sites were graded to remove the surface horizon and compacted with a vibratory roller. At Piedmont 1, the treatments were compacted with no tillage, shallow (15 cm [5.9 in] depth) tillage (ST), and deep (30 cm [11.8 in] depth) tillage (DT). At Piedmont 2 the treatments were compacted, DT, and DT with incorporated compost (DT+Com). The grass seed mixtures recommended by the North Carolina Department of Transportation for the location (Piedmont) and time of planting were applied at each site. Runoff volumes (RV) and total suspended solids were measured after each of the first 12 and 13 storm events at Piedmont 1 and 2, respectively. Infiltration rate (IR) and bulk density (BD) were determined five and seven months after establishment at Piedmont 1 and 2, respectively. At both sites, RV and total amount of soil loss were reduced with tillage by 60% to 82% during the monitoring period. Neither deeper tillage nor incorporating compost significantly affected these results. Grass establishment was significantly better with tillage. The IRs measured at the end of the monitoring period were around 1 cm h -1 (0.4 in hr -1 ) in the compacted treatment but ranged from 19 to 33 cm h -1 (7.5 to 13 in hr -1 ) in the tilled treatments, again with no effects of tillage depth or compost. The results suggest that tillage to a depth of at least 15 cm (6 in) can be highly effective for improving soil conditions and reducing runoff and erosion from soils compacted as the result of construction activities. Key words: compost-construction site-erosion-runoff-tillageThe process of constructing roads, buildings, and other structures can result in highly disturbed areas in which the soil is compacted from vehicle and equipment traffic (Gregory et al. 2006). Soils in urban areas may be compacted purposefully to increase strength or unintentionally due to construction activities (Batey and McKenzie 2006; Gregory et al. 2006;Olson et al. 2013).Compaction affects soil physical properties and vegetative growth (Randrup and Dralle 1997). Several studies found that compaction reduced soil porosity (Craul 1994; SchaferLandefeld et al. 2004;Shestak and Busse 2005), infiltration rate (IR) (Brown 2012;Haynes et al. 2013;Siyal 2002;Woltemade 2010; Yang and Zhang 2011), and root growth (Alberty et al. 1984;Gilman et al. 1987), and this leads to increased runoff and erosion (Booth and Jackson 1997;Violin et al. 2011). Runoff from area...

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Miniature Rain Simulator for Field Measurement of Soil Infiltration

Cited by 144 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling the hydrological behaviour of a coffee agroforestry basin in Costa Rica

Modelling the hydrological behaviour of a coffee agroforestry basin in Costa Rica

Statistics, Scoring Functions, and Regional Analysis of a Comprehensive Soil Health Database

Effects of tillage and compost amendment on infiltration in compacted soils

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