Miniaturisation of switched beam array antenna using phase delay properties of CSRR‐loaded transmission line

Rao, P. H.; Sajin, J S; Kudesia, Kushal

doi:10.1049/iet-map.2017.0978

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A mesh quarter-wavelength microstrip TL loaded with CS-SRR in its ground plane was used to achieve 16.6% miniaturization in [105]. Another CSRRs based miniaturization technique ware reported in [106]. Phase delay characteristics of CSRR loaded in a ground plane were utilized to achieve 48%size reduction.…”

Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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Beamforming networks for multiple beam antennas are believed to be in the vanguard of technological developments in mmWave for 5G wireless applications. The basic idea of beamforming technique is the application of multiple antenna elements radiating the same signal at an identical phase and wavelength, into one strong signal pointed to a specific direction. For low cost and power consumption, radio frequency beamforming networks (RF-BFNs) such as Blass matrices, Butler matrices, and Nolen matrices will play a critical role in achieving the ever-increasing demands in wireless technology. Therefore, this study aims to present a comprehensive survey and developments of RF-BFNs with (particular focus in Butler matrices). From the fundamental perspectives of the beamforming techniques and progress over time, component evolution includes branch-line coupler (BLC), Phase shifter (PS), and Crossovers to complete system Butler matrix (BM) integration. Different design techniques to improve bandwidth, size reduction, multi-band, and other performance characteristics are discussed extensively. Furthermore, the paper also discusses different geometry of Butler matrices in open microstrip transmission lines, substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and gap waveguide (GWG) technologies highlighting key developments and research challenges from single band to dual-band operations. We expect this paper to provide more profound insights into the designs processes and suggest suitable ways to facilitate further developments of RF-beamforming networks at mmWave and sub-mmWave frequency ranges.INDEX TERMS Beamforming networks (BFNs), Butler matrix (BM), fifth-generation (5G), metamaterial (MTM), millimetre-waves (mmWave), substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), gap waveguide (GWG), ridge gap waveguide (RGW), groove gap waveguide (GGW).

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Section: A Single Band Butler Matrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

et al. 2022

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“…Fig. 3 shows a comparison between the performance of the rectangular patch antenna with and without using the CSRRs [9][10][11][12][13]. Using four CSRRs in the ground provides a wider bandwidth and a smaller area.…”

Section: Rectangular Patch Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Single‐fed 4G/5G multiband 2.4/5.5/28 GHz antenna

Yassin

Mohamed

Abdallah

et al. 2019

IET Microwaves Antenna & Prop

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In this study, a single‐fed printed multiband antenna for 4G/5G wireless communication systems is presented. The proposed multiband antenna consists of Franklin strip monopole antenna to cover 4G, and wireless applications (WLAN and WiMAX), and a rectangular patch antenna that is designed to cover 5G band. Furthermore, a modified compact microstrip resonant cell low‐pass filter is printed between the antenna parts to allow feeding the Franklin antenna at low‐frequency bands while isolating the Franklin antenna from the rectangular patch at the 5G band. The proposed antenna is designed on Rogers 5880 with compact size 45 × 40 × 0.508 mm3. The proposed antenna is utilised to operate at triple band: 2.4, 5.5 and 28 GHz with wide impedance bandwidth (15.8, 23.5 and 11.3%) and the gain reaches (1.95, 3.76 and 7.35 dBi).

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“…Most of the switched beam systems that rely on the Butler matrix are designed using conventional crossovers and phase shifters or other components [10][11][12][13]. The 4 × 4 Butler matrices in [10,12,13] are made up of four hybrid couplers, two crossovers, and two 45 • phase shifters, and they are developed using the multilayer substrate technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Wideband Beamforming Antenna for 5G Applications by Eliminating the Phase Shifters and Crossovers from the Butler Matrix

Bembarka¹,

Setti²,

Tribak³

et al. 2023

PIER C

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In this study, a novel Switched Beam Antenna (SBA) system is proposed and experimentally validated for C-band applications. The system is made up of a 4 × 4 Butler matrix, whose outputs are connected to four square-looped radiator antenna elements. The originality of the proposed work depends on the construction of a miniaturized beamforming network with minimal complexity, low loss, and low expense. Moreover, designing a system with a broad frequency range enables its use in a variety of applications. Miniaturization is achieved by eliminating the crossover and integrating the 45 • shifter into the 90 • hybrid coupler, as well as tilting the antenna array (i.e., making the Butler matrix output and the feed line of the antenna element orthogonal). The simulated results of the phase difference between the suggested Butler matrix outputs closely match the −45 • -135 • theoretical calculations. The SBA measured results show a wide bandwidth and low insertion loss of 63.64% (4.21-8.14 GHz) and −4.89 dB, respectively. Four orthogonal beams are produced by the proposed structure's input ports 1-4 when they are excited. These beams are aligned at angles of −10 • , 60 • , −60 • , and 10 • at 5.7 GHz.

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Miniaturisation of switched beam array antenna using phase delay properties of CSRR‐loaded transmission line

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

Recent Developments of Butler Matrix From Components Design Evolution to System Integration for 5G Beamforming Applications: A Survey

Single‐fed 4G/5G multiband 2.4/5.5/28 GHz antenna

A Novel Wideband Beamforming Antenna for 5G Applications by Eliminating the Phase Shifters and Crossovers from the Butler Matrix

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