Miniaturization effect of electroosmotic self-propulsive microswimmer powered by biofuel cell

Yamanaka, Tomohiro; Arai, Fumihito

doi:10.1186/s40648-019-0146-x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The biocathode and bioanode elements drive osmotic flow through the hollow center of the device, capable of propelling the device at 100 mm s −1 velocities (Figure 2). [ 108 ]…”

Section: Unmodified Photoresists and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies

et al. 2022

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Two-photon polymerization (TPP) has become a premier state-of-the-art method for microscale fabrication of bespoke polymeric devices and surfaces. With applications ranging from the production of optical, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and microfluidic devices, TPP has grown immensely in the past two decades. Significantly, the field has expanded from standard acrylate-and epoxy-based photoresists to custom formulated monomers designed to change the hydrophilicity, surface chemistry, mechanical properties, and more of the resulting structures. This review explains the essentials of TPP, from its initial conception through to standard operating principles and advanced chemical modification strategies for TPP materials. At the outset, the fundamental chemistries of radical and cationic polymerization are described, along with strategies used to tailor mechanical and functional properties. This review then describes TPP systems and introduces an array of commonly used photoresists including hard polyacrylic resins, soft hydrogel acrylic esters, epoxides, and organic/inorganic hybrid materials. Specific examples of each class-including chemically modified photoresists-are described to inform the understanding of their applications to the fields of tissue-engineering scaffolds, micromedical, optical, and drug delivery devices.

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“…The biocathode and bioanode elements drive osmotic flow through the hollow center of the device, capable of propelling the device at 100 mm s −1 velocities (Figure 2). [ 108 ]…”

Section: Unmodified Photoresists and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies

et al. 2022

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“…Photocurable passive materials can be modified for achieving active microstructures by mixing components such as magnetically [ 69–72 ] or electrically [ 73,74 ] conductive NPs, ILs, [ 75–77 ] or metal precursors [ 78–82 ] into the resin before DLL fabrication. Unlike the indirect approach, the starting materials are modified before the fabrication of the desired structure is performed by DLL.…”

Section: Direct Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photocurable passive materials can be modified for achieving active microstructures by mixing components such as magnetically [69][70][71][72] or electrically [73,74] conductive NPs, ILs, [75][76][77] or metal precursors [78][79][80][81][82] into the resin before DLL fabrication. Unlike the [57] Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.…”

Section: Modification Of Passive Photocurable Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Active 3D Microstructures via Direct Laser Lithography

Bernardeschi

Ilyas

Beccai

2021

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Direct laser lithography (DLL) is a key enabling technology for 3D constructs at the microscale and its potential is rapidly growing toward the development of active microstructures. The rationale of this work is based on the different involved methodology, which is referred as indirect, when passive microstructures become active through postprocessing steps, and direct, when active structures are directly obtained by fabricating microstructures with active materials or by introducing heterogeneous mechanical properties and specific design. An in‐depth analysis of both indirect and direct methods is provided. In particular, the wide range of materials and strategies involved in each method is reported, including advantages and disadvantages, as well as examples of fabricated structures and their applications. Finally, the different techniques are briefly summarized, and critically discussed by highlighting how the new synergies between DLL and active materials are opening completely new scenarios, in particular for sensing (e.g., mechanical) and actuation at the microscale.

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“…Interfacial phenomena like electroosmosis were demonstrated to efficiently propel a glucose‐fueled microrobot. [ 85 ] The cylindrical robot comprised of a nanochannel between two electrodes in which an electroosmotic (EO) flow is induced, propelling the robot at speeds of 100 µm s −1 .…”

Section: Diving Swimming and Buoyancy Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Interfacial Phenomena in Nature Inspire Smaller Robots

Das

Pinchasik

2020

Adv Materials Inter

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In nature, surfaces are evolutionarily designed to allow adaptation of species to their environments. Insects make extensive use of interfacial phenomena because of their small size and thus, large surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio. This enables them to walk on different terrains, dive, swim, and adhere to surfaces in air and underwater. Moreover, they toggle between different interfaces, move in confined spaces, and overcome a wide range of obstacles. This progress report summarizes emerging directions in the field of bioinspired robotics with an emphasis on micro and nanoscale dynamic interactions. It is envisioned that interfacial phenomena will allow to miniaturize robots and increase the complexity of their operation. The key to success is the combination of functional surfaces, structural design and multiple modes of locomotion. For this to be realized, however, new paradigms are needed in terms of materials, fabrication, energy consumption, and actuation. This report discusses the development of small robots inspired by water striders, the bell spider, the leaf and ladybird beetles, backswimmers and cockroaches, among many others. It also discusses small soft robots inspired by roundworms, larvae, and parasites. From a broader perspective, fabrication of many small robots will enable to study collective effects and self‐assembly, group behavior and swarming.

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Miniaturization effect of electroosmotic self-propulsive microswimmer powered by biofuel cell

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Two‐Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies

Two‐Photon Polymerization: Fundamentals, Materials, and Chemical Modification Strategies

A Review on Active 3D Microstructures via Direct Laser Lithography

How Can Interfacial Phenomena in Nature Inspire Smaller Robots

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