2019
DOI: 10.3390/mi10050293
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Miniaturization of CMOS

Abstract: When the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS) started almost five decades ago, the metal oxide effect transistor (MOSFET) as units in integrated circuits (IC) continuously miniaturized. The transistor structure has radically changed from its original planar 2D architecture to today’s 3D Fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs) along with new designs for gate and source/drain regions and applying strain engineering. This article presents how the MOSFET structure and process have been changed … Show more

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Cited by 93 publications
(57 citation statements)
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References 241 publications
(350 reference statements)
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“…Comparing with remote plasma and QALE, the selectivity to SiO2 is lower, but it has obvious advantages in etching anisotropy, which is crucial to control the accuracy of the final thickness of inner spacer. 3 Data of special method-typical remote downstream plasma 4 Data of special method-typical quasi-atomic layer etching 5 Related data are unknown…”
Section: Effect Of Pressure On Inner Spacer Etchingmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Comparing with remote plasma and QALE, the selectivity to SiO2 is lower, but it has obvious advantages in etching anisotropy, which is crucial to control the accuracy of the final thickness of inner spacer. 3 Data of special method-typical remote downstream plasma 4 Data of special method-typical quasi-atomic layer etching 5 Related data are unknown…”
Section: Effect Of Pressure On Inner Spacer Etchingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…3 Data of special method-typical remote downstream plasma. 4 Data of special method-typical quasi-atomic layer etching. 5 Related data are unknown…”
Section: Materials Quality and Interface Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the rigid polymers used in previous studies, such as SU-8 photoresist or epoxy resin chosen for their high chemical resistance, often do not provide a simple way to retrieve the chips after post-processing. In particular, as one moves in the future towards ever smaller chips such as the 22-nm transistor node and below [ 31 , 32 ], the smaller die or contact pad size is likely to affect the process yield as finished chips are fragile and difficult to handle, especially when the silicon chip is thinned to around 30 μm, making any post-CMOS process extremely challenging.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Over the last 50 years, there has been a development in the semiconductor industry, primarily based on Si substrate for fabricating integrated circuits such as complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices [1]. Subsequently, due to its favorable published Young's modulus value of 130 GPa for (100)-oriented Si [2], low thermal coefficient of expansion of 2.56 × 10 −6 K −1 , and high thermal conductivity of 157 W•m −1 •K −1 , Si has also been used to fabricate a large variety of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%