Miniaturized 3D printed electrochemical platform with optimized Fibrous carbon electrode for non-interfering hypochlorite sensing

Microfluidics Evolution and Surface Functionalization: A Pathway to Enhanced Heavy Metal Ion Detection

“…Relatively cost-effective and easy-to-process materials [55] such as PDMS and thermoplastics are then used for device fabrication in heavy metal ion detection. PDMS [63] can be easily fabricated using well-established methods while offering high optical transparency, thus timely quantification of results can performed. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are all examples of thermoplastics, [64] such materials in general have good chemical stability, gas permeability, and low electrical conductance.…”

“…The surface patterns on 𝛽-CD [99] are created using a PDMS stamp with 150 μm line features and 50 μm height, such design allows the selective detection of heavy metal ions and can be effectively reproduced based on user needs. Mohan et al [63] op-timized the fabrication of microfluidic devices by etching indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass slides with CO 2 laser. The device used three ITO glass electrodes, [63] two of which are bare electrodes that serve as the auxiliary and functioning electrode, the third reference electrode is altered with Ag/AgCl ink.…”

Laser-induced fabrication of gold nanoparticles onto paper substrates and their application on paper-based electroanalytical devices

“…The largest cathodic current is at pH 8, which was selected for all further measurements. In the alkaline medium, the ClO − reduces to Cl generates OH − intermediated by consuming H 2 O and two electrons for each mol of ClO − consumed [44,45]. Additionally, in an alkaline solution, the gold surface is unlikely to dissolute in the presence of ClO−.…”

“…In an alkaline medium, the ClO − reduces to Cl − and generates OH − intermediated by consuming H 2 O and two electrons for each mol of ClO − consumed. 44,45 Additionally, in an alkaline solution, the gold surface is unlikely to dissolute in the presence of ClO − . Thus, it still stays preserved.…”

An optical strategy for detecting hypochlorite in vitro and cells with high selectivity and stability based on a lanthanide-doped upconversion probe

“…In the past few decades, researchers paid great attention on developing the detection strategies of hypochlorite, such as chromatography, colorimetric, spectrophotometry, electroanalytical, and uorescence. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Compared with the other approaches, the uorescence probe has a unique advantage for real-time detection in situ. However, some challenges still exist for most uorescent strategies.…”