Miniaturized Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for GNSS Applications

Abstract

The increase in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) availability and services is fostering a new wave of applications related to satellite navigation. Such increase is also followed by more and more threats, aiming at signal disruption. In order to fully exploit the potentialities of precise and reliable navigation, being able at the same time to counteract threats such as interference, jamming, and spoofing, smart antenna systems are being investigated worldwide, with the requirements of multiband operation and compactness. In order to answer such need, the present work proposes a miniaturized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) 2 × 2 array able to operate at E5/L5, L2, and E6 bands, with an overall footprint of only 3.5′′ (89 mm).

The Unbiased Characteristic of Doppler Frequency in GNSS Antenna Array Processing

“…has been defined in (10), and jammer induced Doppler shift at the receiver is assumed to be small compared to satellite Doppler. has been defined in (8), and is the total carrier phase error induced by STAP. As mentioned before, , , and vary from one to another.…”

“…Unfortunately, despite of the antijamming benefit that STAP can provide, undesirable and unpredictable biases are also induced to the GNSS receiver [2], which harms the accuracy of navigation solution [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. There are several facts contributing to the STAP bias, including the overall gain and phase response of antennas, mutual coupling of antennas, front-end channel electronics, and space-time filtering.…”

“…Therefore, to fulfill the ability of adaptive arrays, researchers have made great efforts to mitigate these biases. One solution is to use an adaptive antenna array that exhibits small biases [8], or to do the precalibration to correct the antenna based bias, but it may be impractical to some low cost receivers [10,11]. Another way is to apply some specific algorithms that constrain the distortion of signal phase, but this method causes the loss of antijamming freedom degree.…”

Reconfigurable Antenna for Jamming Mitigation of Legacy GPS Receivers

“…To overcome and counteract such attacks, many potential solutions have been proposed in the past. To counteract possible threats, high performance systems with phased array antennas have been offered [4][5][6][7][8]. These systems identify the location of the threat and place a null on that direction and a maximum of the pattern along the satellite direction.…”

Compact 6+1 antenna array for robust GNSS applications

“…These new systems might be particularly useful in mobile applications, such as aircraft, vehicles or even drones and UAVs, where precise localization can play an important role. However, the canonical dimensions of the antennas, as well as of receivers, do not fit with the requirements of low-profile and low weight, typical of mobile applications: there is hence a need for miniaturization both of the single radiator and of the overall antenna array, to enable real-life implementation of the developed systems [8].…”