Miniaturized Folded Antenna with Improved Matching Characteristic for mm-wave Detections

Muttlak, Saad G.; Sadeghi, Mojtaba; Ian, Kawa; Missous, M.

doi:10.1109/ucmmt53364.2021.9569948

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The variation in the main and folded arm widths (w1 and w2) can also dominate the real and imaginary part values of the antenna input impedance respectively. Furthermore, the resonant frequency can be determined from the l1 to l7 lengths and the arm-folding scheme offers miniaturized structure dimensions as studied in [19]. The antenna geometrical characteristic was investigated, starting from a single Lshaped arm and successively adding L-loading sections, this tunes out the capacitive behavior of the antenna input impedance as also demonstrated in [20].…”

Section: Antenna Design and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-Cost Compact Integrated Rectenna for Implantable Medical Receivers

Muttlak

Sadeghi

Ian³

et al. 2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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This work describes a novel fully integrated rectenna circuit using tunnelling-based devices for implanted medical devices. An ASPAT (Asymmetric Spacer Layer Tunnel Diode) was used as the active rectifier due to its high non-linearity and temperature insensitivity features. A miniaturized geometry rectenna (1×5mm 2 ) with improved matching characteristics was demonstrated, by integrating a Cockcroft-Walton rectifier with an L-shaped planar folded antenna structure operating at ISM frequency bands. The circuit performance was experimentally explored at various separation distance between transmitter and receiver units. For a 5cm transmission set-up, the rectenna with a single-stage rectifier delivered 0.8V output at 20dBm transmit power. An extended doubler configuration exhibited enhanced performance when multiple stages are used, is predicted to reach 0.24mW output power at 23dBm transmit power and yielding ~1.6V output voltage with an efficiency of 0.12%. These findings can assist in compensating for the degraded antenna gain attributed to the extremely small effective-radiating area of 0.04λ. Furthermore, the ability of controlling the antenna input impedance helps in circumventing the requirement for a matching circuitry thereby offering further reduction in chip size.Index Terms-Planner folded antenna, wireless power transfer, biomedical implant devices, near-field RF powering, ASPAT-based circuits. I. INTRODUCTIONN recent years, a surge of interest in wireless sensor networks and implantable devices has occurred to meet the increased end-user demands in industrial and health care monitoring fields [1][2]. Smart implants are an effective monitoring technique for physiological signal sensing from human bodies and sending it to the patients and/or their medical doctors to be checked afterwards using a mobile application [3]. The possibility of communicating with implanted devices wirelessly has been reflected in a few available systems, such as brain-to-nerve interconnections for brain injury detections [4], monitoring of blood pressure in the brain cavity and retinal implants [5]. The issues to consider for in-body devices concern overall chip size, its power consumption and compatibility with medical treatment restrictions. Ultimate chip dimensions of <10mm 2 -scale can be implanted by minor surgical treatment and the use of a zerobias detector significantly minimizes power consumption of the system. The dimensions of the embedded electronic sensors in the system can be as small as <0.015mm 3 [3], and thus the challenge emerges from miniaturization of the antenna. This in turn greatly limits the amount of received/transmitted RF power when operating in the

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Section: Antenna Design and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ω is the angular frequency in rad/sec, ω=2πf and f is the frequency. From the well-known equivalent circuit of ASPAT [19], Z1,2=Rs+(Rj⁄(1+jωCjRj)),…”

Section: Rectifier Circuit Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Cost Compact Integrated Rectenna for Implantable Medical Receivers

Muttlak

Sadeghi

Ian³

et al. 2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…The gain of the proposed implant antenna is very low about -36.91dB and -24.3dB for dual bands, with a severely decreased ηrad of 0.013% and 0.17%, as a result of the antenna's reduction in size to 4.5mm 2 . In general, tradeoffs between tiny size, reasonable gain, and radiation efficiency are required when the dipole geometry forms [32] [33].…”

Section: Implantable Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual-Band Compact Integrated Rectenna for Implantable Medical Devices

Hussein,

Mohammed

2022

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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This work describes a dual band compact fully integrated rectenna circuit for implantable medical devices (IMDs). The implantable rectenna circuit consists of tunnel diode 10×10µm 2 QW-ASPAT (Quantum Well Asymmetric Spacer Tunnel Layer diode) was used as the RF-DC rectifier due to its temperature insensitivity and nonlinearity compared with conventional SBD diode. SILVACO atlas software is used to design and simulate 100µm 2 QW InGaAs ASPAT diode. A miniaturized dual band implantable folded dipole antenna with multiple L-shaped conducting sections is designed using CST microwave suits for operation in the WMTS band is 1.5GHz and ISM band of 5.8GHz. High dielectric constant material Gallium Arsenide (εr=12.94) and folded geometry helps to design compact antennas with a small footprint of 2.84mm 3 (1×4.5×0.63) mm 3 . Four-layer human tissue model was used, where the antenna was implanted in the skin model at depth of 2mm. The 10-dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed compact antenna at 1.5GHz and 5.8GHz are 227MHz (1.4-1.63GHz) with S11 is -22.6dB and 540MHz (5.47-6.02GHz) with S11 is -23.1dB, whereas gains are -36.9dBi, and -24.3dBi, respectively. The output DC voltage and power of the rectenna using two stage voltage doubler rectifier (VDR) are twice that produced by the single stage at input RF power of 10dBm.

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Fully Integrated Miniaturized Wireless Power Transfer Rectenna for Medical Applications Tested inside Biological Tissues

Fernandez-Munoz,

Missous,

Sadeghi

et al. 2024

Electronics

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This work presents the results of the characterization of two 1 × 5 mm2 miniaturized rectennas developed for medical applications. They have been designed for relatively high voltage and high-power applications, given the size of the rectennas. Both rectennas were tested in open-air conditions and surrounded by pork fat and muscle tissues, whose properties are similar to those of the human body. The resonant frequencies of the rectennas were found, and the incident electric field on the rectennas tests was increased. The first chip showed a maximum output voltage of 5.29 V and a maximum output power of 0.056 mW, at 1.446 GHz, under an incident field on the rectenna of 340 V/m, and the second chip, 4.62 V and 4.27 mW, at 1.175 GHz, under 535 V/m. The second rectenna can provide an output power greater than 5 mW. The rectennas presented in this article are beyond the state of the art, as they can deliver about three times more power and voltage than those of similar dimensions reported in the literature. Based on the test results, the efficiency of the rectennas was analyzed at different locations of the human body, considering different thicknesses of tissues with high and low water content. Finally, potential applications are described in which the rectennas could power implantable medical devices or microsurgery tools, for example, pulmonary artery pressure monitors.

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Miniaturized Folded Antenna with Improved Matching Characteristic for mm-wave Detections

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Low-Cost Compact Integrated Rectenna for Implantable Medical Receivers

Low-Cost Compact Integrated Rectenna for Implantable Medical Receivers

A Dual-Band Compact Integrated Rectenna for Implantable Medical Devices

Fully Integrated Miniaturized Wireless Power Transfer Rectenna for Medical Applications Tested inside Biological Tissues

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