Miniaturized Origami Robots: Actuation Approaches and Potential Applications

Abstract

Origami, a paper folding art, has inspired engineering applications in various fields for decades. It provides a simple approach to realize the transformation between simple 2D composite sheets and complex 3D functional structures. By integrating the origami concept with smart materials, a number of advanced origami robots have been developed with self-deploying and programming capacities to respond to external environment stimuli. At present, miniaturized origami robots have demonstrated advantages in many-profile applications, including bio-inspired robotics, biomedical engineering, and environment monitoring. However, how to properly drive origami robots is a big challenge. In this paper, the investigation and analyses of the previous literature focus on the various actuations of miniaturized origami robots, including the magnetic, light, electric, swelling, motors, thermal, and other actuation methods. Finally, the article investigates applications of actuation methods for miniaturized origami robots with various functions, and discusses the challenges and opportunities in future applications.

Bilayer Self‐Folding Method with High Folding Force and Angle by Suppressing Delamination of Shrink Layer

“…Origami structures have gained substantial interest in fields such as aerospace, flexible electronics, biomedicine, and robotics owing to their ability to transition between two and three dimensions [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Self-folding, a key deformation technique, enables spontaneous folding of a 2D flat structure-which is easy to fabricate-into intricate, minuscule 3D structures [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

A worm-inspired robot based on origami structures driven by the magnetic field

“…Besides the fabrication skill, appropriate actuation methods also play a significant role in controlling deformation and locomotion of origami structures [20]. The common actuation strategies include pneumatic actuation [16,21], self-folding actuation [22], electrostatic attraction [23], magnetic actuation [24,25] and their combinations [26].…”