Miniaturizing Ultrastable Electromagnetic Oscillators: Sub-
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 Frequency Instability from a Centimeter-Scale Fabry-Perot Cavity

McLemore, Charles A.; Jin, Naijun; Kelleher, Megan; Hendrie, James; Mason, David; Luo, Yizhi; Lee, Dahyeon; Rakich, Peter T.; Diddams, Scott A.; Quinlan, Franklyn

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.18.054054

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Integration of the F-P cavity has been an outstanding challenge, but recent developments in microfabricated mirrors 16 and compact thermal-noise-limited F-P designs 17 provide new integration opportunities. Critically, it has been shown that 2P-OFD does not require F-P operation in high vacuum because of CMR 18 , significantly simplifying future integration.…”

Section: Discussion and Further Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic chip-based low-noise microwave oscillator

Kudelin,

Groman,

et al. 2024

Nature

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Numerous modern technologies are reliant on the low-phase noise and exquisite timing stability of microwave signals. Substantial progress has been made in the field of microwave photonics, whereby low-noise microwave signals are generated by the down-conversion of ultrastable optical references using a frequency comb1–3. Such systems, however, are constructed with bulk or fibre optics and are difficult to further reduce in size and power consumption. In this work we address this challenge by leveraging advances in integrated photonics to demonstrate low-noise microwave generation via two-point optical frequency division4,5. Narrow-linewidth self-injection-locked integrated lasers6,7 are stabilized to a miniature Fabry–Pérot cavity8, and the frequency gap between the lasers is divided with an efficient dark soliton frequency comb9. The stabilized output of the microcomb is photodetected to produce a microwave signal at 20 GHz with phase noise of −96 dBc Hz−1 at 100 Hz offset frequency that decreases to −135 dBc Hz−1 at 10 kHz offset—values that are unprecedented for an integrated photonic system. All photonic components can be heterogeneously integrated on a single chip, providing a significant advance for the application of photonics to high-precision navigation, communication and timing systems.

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Section: Discussion and Further Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic chip-based low-noise microwave oscillator

Kudelin,

Groman,

et al. 2024

Nature

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“…10 and Table I. The comparison is mainly made with compact Fabry-Pérot cavities, [15][16][17] integrated chip-scale resonators, 18,19 bulk dielectric resonators, 20 and optical fiber-based SBS. 23 As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been several approaches for realizing compact-size laser stabilization platforms, where most representative examples include compact ultra-low expansion (ULE) cavities, [13][14][15][16][17] integrated chip-scale resonators, 18,19 bulk dielectric whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators, 20,21 stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), 22,23 and optical fiber delay-lines. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The lasers stabilized by compact vacuum-gap Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities have recently been reported to reach 10 −15 -level frequency instability at an integration time of 0.1 13,14 and 0.01 s. 16 While the platform provides ultra-low frequency noise stabilization, the system is generally highly complex and requires isolation from the environment using a high-vacuum system and multiple layers of thermal shields. In the case of compact WGM resonator-based laser stabilization, the state-of-the-art long-term frequency instability is on the order of 10 −14 at 0.1 s when ARTICLE pubs.aip.org/aip/app using MgF 2 with an ultra-high Q factor of 2 × 10 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palm-sized, vibration-insensitive, and vacuum-free all-fiber-photonic module for 10−14-level stabilization of CW lasers and frequency combs

Jeon,

Ahn,

Kim

et al. 2023

APL Photonics

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Compact and robust frequency-stabilized laser sources are critical for a variety of fields that require stable frequency standards, including field spectroscopy, radio astronomy, microwave generation, and geophysical monitoring. In this work, we applied a simple and compact fiber ring-resonator configuration that can stabilize both a continuous-wave laser and a self-referenced optical frequency comb to a vibration-insensitive optical fiber delay-line. We could achieve a thermal-noise-limited frequency noise level in the 10 Hz–1 kHz offset frequency range for both the continuous-wave laser and the optical frequency comb with the minimal frequency instability of 2.7 × 10−14 at 0.03-s and 2.6 × 10−14 at 0.01-s averaging time, respectively, under non-vacuum conditions. The optical fiber spool, working as a delay reference, is designed to be insensitive to external vibrations, with a vibration sensitivity of sub-10−10 (1/g) and a volume of 32 ml. Finally, the ring-resonator setup is packaged in a palm-sized aluminum case with 171-ml volume with a vibration-insensitive spool, as well as an even smaller 97-ml-volume case with an ultracompact 9-ml miniaturized fiber spool.

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“…Applications such as portable optical clocks [3], portable microwave sources [4], and environmental sensing [5], demand more compact, lightweight, and simplified cavity systems. Recently, compact optical reference cavities have demonstrated sub-10 -13 level fractional frequency instability with a cavity volume less than 10 mL [6,7]. However, to maintain such excellent performance, these cavities still need to operate in a high-vacuum (HV) environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%