Miniemulsion copolymerization of n‐butyl methacrylate with crosslinking monomers

Abstract

Miniemulsion copolymerization of n-butyl methacrylate and crosslinking monomers such as a macromonomer crosslinker (Mac), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), or an aliphatic urethane acrylate macromonomer (AUA) was utilized to obtain crosslinked latex particles. The crosslinking monomers were added at 0.2 mol %, on the basis of the amount of n-butyl methacrylate utilized in a polymerization. The development of the gel content during the copolymerization reaction differs depending on the type of the crosslinking monomer. In addition to the crosslinking reactions between the n-butyl methacrylate and the crosslinking monomers, other kinetic events, such as microphase separation, may have occurred, giving rise to different particle morphologies, dependent on the type of initiator used (i.e., oil-soluble or water-soluble).

Structured Copolymer Particles by Miniemulsion Polymerization

“…Ghazaly et al [5] reported the miniemulsion copolymerization of n-butyl methacrylate with the various crosslinking monomers. These monomers included (a) macromonomer crosslinker (Mac) with a number average molecular weight of 3480 g /mol and polydispersity index of 1-1 to 1.2, (b) ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDGMA) and (c) aliphatic urethane aery la te macromonomer (AU A).…”

Network Formation in Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Copolymerization of Styrene and Divinylbenzene in Miniemulsion

“…For this reason, SaPSeP does not work if PS is replaced by the more hydrophilic PMMA. [44] El-Aasser et al [23] speculated that the gelation behavior during copolymerization of butyl methacrylate and a diacrylate macromonomer (with an aliphatic main chain) was influenced by concentration gradients within the particles arising due to the different hydrophobicities of the two monomers.…”

“…[19] On the other hand, when implementing ATRP in miniemulsion, a sufficiently hydrophobic ligand must be selected for control of the polymerization to be maintained. [3] There are several reports dealing with conventional radical crosslinking polymerization in aqueous heterogeneous systems, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] but there is little information available with regards to specific differences between these systems and their homogeneous counterparts in terms of pendant reactivities and gel formation. This topic has however been thoroughly addressed by Tobita et al, whose theoretical and experimental work [27][28][29][30][31] on conventional radical copolymerization of mono-and divinyl compounds has revealed that the network development is entirely different in emulsion polymerization compared to bulk.…”

Effect of polyurethane‐based macromonomers in the dispersion polymerization of styrene

“…Crosslinkable macromonomers composed of ethylene-butylene aliphatic hydrophobic chains and bifunctional terminal acrylic acid moieties have been synthesized 6,7 and used as both costabilizers and crosslinking agents in the miniemulsion polymerization of n-butyl methacrylate. The most recent examples are methacryloxypropyl-terminal 8 and vinyl-terminal polysiloxanes 9 used in the dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate in nonpolar media.…”