Miniemulsion Polymerization: An Overview

Copolymerization of Styrene with 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate and 2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate by Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization Using BlocBuilderMA as Macroinitiator

“…However, the particle size was quite large, with D p = 697 nm (N p = 2.92 × 10 12 particles/cm 3 ), and the PSD was bimodal with a principal population at ≈350 nm and other in ≈2500 nm whereby the emulsions were stable just for around 1 week in storage. The problem with the PSD was attributed to the low water solubility of the monomer 2-EHA (0.30 g/L at 20 °C) 55 as well as to its low equilibrium constant (K) (when compared with St) which makes particle nucleation slow and inefficient. 56 In reaction R8, 2-EHA was replaced by St in the same molar ratio (St/N = 48) for the nucleation step (see Figure 2).…”

Synthesis and characterization of ricinoleic acid derived monomer and its application in aqueous emulsion and paints thereof

“…However, it is very difficult to polymerize such monomers through conventional emulsion polymerization where hydrophobicity of monomers is a crucial criterion. The possible solution could be the use of miniemulsion technique, wherein contrary to emulsion technique, polymerization occurs mainly in the monomer droplets, and hence, there is no need for monomer diffusion through the water phase (Mittal, 2011). Various reports have been presented in the past regarding use of fatty acids in emulsion polymerization.…”

Miniemulsion Polymerization Monitoring Using Off‐Line Raman Spectroscopy and In‐Line NIR Spectroscopy

“…In addition, the environmental laws are more concerned about polymers based on organic solvents and there is a tendency to substitute solvent-based polymers the most important characteristics of the miniemulsion polymerization. [6] Ideally, miniemulsion polymerization would be dominated by droplet nucleation, so that each initial monomer droplet would be converted into a polymer particle. However, some works have reported that the final polymer particle size distribution may significantly differ from the initial size distribution of the monomer droplets, with ratios Dg/Dp (between the initial average droplet size and final average polymer particle size) lower than 1.…”

“…A standard miniemulsion formulation uses water as continuous phase, monomer as disperse phase, surfactant to stabilize the particles droplets, costabilizer to avoid diffusional degradation (Oswald Ripening), and buffer to stabilize the pH of the medium . Constant particle size, use of costabilizers, use of surfactant below the critical micellar concentration, and inexistence of mass transport through the aqueous phase are the most important characteristics of the miniemulsion polymerization …”