Miniemulsion polymerization technique enhancement: the photocatalysis of commercial rutile-TiO₂ hybrids with nano poly(methyl methacrylate)

Synthesis of Polyurethane/TiO2 Hybrid with High Encapsulation Efficiency Using One‐Step Miniemulsion Polymerization for Methylene Blue Degradation and its Antibacterial Applications

“…One potential advantage of a miniemulsion system is the ability to control the size via formulation, which involves the emulsification of hydrophobic monomers by an oil‐in‐water emulsifier [28–29] . Hydrophilic inorganic particles are dispersed in the monomer phase due to their ability to nucleate all the droplets containing inorganic particles [7–8,30–31] . Thus, many studies have been carried out to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 by miniemulsion polymerization techniques [7–8,27,32–34] .…”

“…The ideal design of a hybrid involves homogeneous dispersion of individual nanoparticles (NPs) in a matrix polymer. Frequently considered feature properties of hybrids are for use in coatings, [1][2] semiconductors, [3][4] biological and medical applications, [2,[5][6][7][8][9] and dye degradation. [8,[10][11][12] Nanocomposite fabrication is a facile method for the development or modification of novel structural and functional hybrid materials.…”

“…Frequently considered feature properties of hybrids are for use in coatings, [1][2] semiconductors, [3][4] biological and medical applications, [2,[5][6][7][8][9] and dye degradation. [8,[10][11][12] Nanocomposite fabrication is a facile method for the development or modification of novel structural and functional hybrid materials. Fabrication is a well-known technology with numerous technical advantages.…”

“…Encapsulation technology has led to the development of several processes for the preparation of inorganic NPs with well-defined structures. A variety of synthetic approaches, typically using heterophase polymerization methods, have been employed to create hybrid polymers in colloid systems, such as miniemulsions, [8,[17][18][19] emulsions, [13] and dispersion polymerization. [20][21] Generally, the hybrid particle structure consists of a heterogeneous distribution of inorganic and organic NPs in a polymer matrix of different natures.…”

“…They can also comprise networks of crosslinked hydrophobic polymers such as polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate), that encapsulate inorganic particles. [7][8]17,22] These can be referred to as polymer-based hybrid materials, which are composed of metal oxides such as TiO 2 , [7][8] ZnO, [23] and SiO 2 . [17] They can be synthesized to control the encapsulation, surface area, particle size, and distribution.…”