Minimal Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on the Immune Response Following Acute Resistance Exercise

Abstract

The effect of carbohydrate supplementation (CHO) on the lymphocyte response to acute resistance exercise was examined in 10 resistance-trained males. Subjects completed a randomized double-blind protocol with sessions separated by 14 days. The exercise session consisted of a high intensity, short rest interval squat workout. Subjects consumed 1.0 g á kg body mass(-1) CHO or an equal volume of placebo (PLC) 10 min prior to and 10 min following exercise. Blood was collected at rest (REST), immediately post exercise (POST), and at 1.5 hours and 4.0 hours of recovery, and analyzed for plasma glucose, serum cortisol, leukocyte subsets, and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation. A significant Treatment 3 Time effect was observed for lymphocyte proliferation between CHO and PLC, but post hoc analyses revealed no between-treatment differences at any post-exercise time point. Lymphocyte proliferation was significantly depressed below REST at POST (-39.2% for PLC, -25.7% for CHO). Significant fluctuations in leukocyte subset trafficking were observed for both treatments at POST, 1.5 hours, and 4.0 hours. Plasma glucose was significantly increased POST in CHO compared to PLC. Cortisol was significantly increased from REST to POST in both treatments. These data support a minimal effect of carbohydrate ingestion on the lymphocyte response to high-intensity resistance exercise.

Nutritional modulation of exercise-induced immunodepression in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Four of the eight trials included reported attenuated increase of cortisol after exercise for the treatment group (n ¼ 96) compared with controls (n ¼ 92) (Figure 3). Subjects included in these trials were runners or cyclists, in contrast to the back squatters or weight lifters (Koch et al, 2001;Chan et al, 2003;Nieman et al, 2004) or football players (Bishop et al, 1999) in the studies where the CHO intervention had no significant effect on cortisol. The study by Lancaster et al (2003), was the only one that examined the effect of CHO ingestion during the pre-exercise period on subsequent hormonal and immune responses to exercise.…”

“…From the seven trials (Nehlsen-Cannarella et al, 1997; Henson et al, 1998Henson et al, , 1999Rohde et al, 1998;Koch et al, 2001;Krzywkowski et al, 2001a) that assessed the lymphocyte proliferative response, only one (Koch et al, 2001) found a less depressed proliferative response when CHO was used. None of the interventions had any effect on salivary IgA in the five trials in which IgA was one of the outcomes (Mero, 1997;Bishop et al, 1999;Krzywkowski et al, 2001b;Nieman et al, 2003;Palmer et al, 2003).…”

“…There are no trials addressing the efficacy of CHO supplementation on preventing URT infections. Attenuation of serum cortisol increases, both in runners and cyclists (Nieman et al, 1997cBishop et al, 1999Bishop et al, , 2003Koch et al, 2001;Bacurau et al, 2002;McAnulty et al, 2003;Chan et al, 2003) does take place after supplementation (about 1 l/h of a 6% carbohydrate beverage), but whether this reduces URT infections remains to be proven. There is no evidence supporting effects of CHO supplementation on lymphocyte counts, cytokines or salivary IgA after exercise (Table 3, Figures 4 and 5).…”

“…We thank the authors of the trials included in this review who provided supplementary data in response to our correspondence (Castell et al, 1996;Bassit et al, 2000;Koch et al, 2001;Krzywkowski et al, 2001a;Chan et al, 2003). We thank the following Ga 2 len members and participants in the 'Sports, Allergy and Asthma' Work Package for reviewing the manuscript: Kai-Hakon Carlsen, Sergio Bonini, Todor Popov, Stefano Del Giacco.…”

Efeitos bioquímicos da suplementação de carboidratos após uma competição simulada de Short Duathlon Terrestre

“…Este atraso da fadiga deve-se, principalmente, à prevenção do declínio da concentração da glicose sanguínea, a qual facilita proporções elevadas da oxidação de CHO durante os estágios finais da competição (23). Com relação ao aumento da glicemia na fase pós-competição do G1, quando comparado com o G2, verifica-se que esse resultado corrobora os de outros estudos (28,29,30), que demonstraram que os níveis da glicemia são mais elevados após a ingestão de um suplemento à base de maltodextrina, quando comparado com outros tipos de CHO e placebo. Esse resultado é demonstrado tanto imediatamente após a competição, como verificado nos dados obtidos dessa investigação, como também aos 40, 60 e, até, 100 minutos do período de recuperação (28,30,31).…”