Minimal late Holocene sea level rise in the Chukchi Sea: arctic insensitivity to global change?

Mason, Owen K.; Jordan, James W.

doi:10.1016/s0921-8181(01)00146-1

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The important changes recorded in coarse silt‐sand fraction and sea ice cover at about 8000 cal years B.P. in the shelf core P1 coincide with the end of the postglacial transgression in the Arctic, prior to the stabilization of sea level close to its present limit in the Chukchi shelf area [ Mason and Jordan , 2002; Manley, Bering Land Bridge animation, 2002]. Therefore the transition recorded in sea surface conditions and sediment in core P1 at about 8000 years B.P.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene

2005

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[1] Dinocysts from cores collected in the Chukchi Sea from the shelf edge to the lower slope were used to reconstruct changes in sea surface conditions and sea ice cover using modern analogue techniques. Holocene sequences have been recovered in a down-slope core (B15: 2135 m, 75°44 0 N, sedimentation rate of $1 cm kyr À1 ) and in a shelf core (P1: 201 m, 73°41 0 N, sedimentation rate of $22 cm kyr À1 ). The shelf record spanning about 8000 years suggests high-frequency centennial oscillations of sea surface conditions and a significant reduction of the sea ice at circa 6000 and 2500 calendar (cal) years B.P. The condensed offshore record (B15) reveals an early postglacial optimum with minimum sea ice cover prior to 12,000 cal years B.P., which corresponds to a terrestrial climate optimum in Bering Sea area. Dinocyst data indicate extensive sea ice cover (>10 months yr À1 ) from 12,000 to 6000 cal years B.P. followed by a general trend of decreasing sea ice and increasing sea surface salinity conditions, superimposed on large-amplitude millennial-scale oscillations. In contrast, d 18 O data in mesopelagic foraminifers (Neogloboquadrina pachyderma) and benthic foraminifers (Cibicides wuellerstorfi) reveal maximum subsurface temperature and thus maximum inflow of the North Atlantic water around 8000 cal years B.P., followed by a trend toward cooling of the subsurface to bottom water masses. Sea-surface to subsurface conditions estimated from dinocysts and d 18 O data in foraminifers thus suggest a decoupling between the surface water layer and the intermediate North Atlantic water mass with the existence of a sharp halocline and a reverse thermocline, especially before 6000 years B.P. The overall data and sea ice reconstructions from core B15 are consistent with strong sea ice convergence in the western Arctic during the early Holocene as suggested on the basis of climate model experiments including sea ice dynamics, matching a higher inflow rate of North Atlantic Water.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene

2005

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“…2). Most of presentday Norton Sound is less than 20 m deep, and postglacial sea level rise transgressed across most of the sound during the early to middle Holocene (Nelson, 1982;Fairbanks, 1989;Bard et al, 1990;Bauch et al, 2001;Mason and Jordan, 2002). The coring site discussed here (USGS 76-121) is located in central Norton Sound at 63u539N, 162u429W (Fig.…”

Section: Study Sitementioning

confidence: 95%

Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Bering Land Bridge Environments from Norton Sound, Northeastern Bering Sea, Alaska

Ager¹,

Phillips

2008

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…However, as with Alaska, the earliest evidence could be submerged. Sea level probably stabilized in the Bering Strait area around 6000 years ago (Mason and Jordan, 2001), thus there could be older Bering and Chukchi maritime cultures that are presently inaccessible. However, we find at least a 1000 year period between the stabilization of sea level and the appearance of persistent coastal occupations in northwest Alaska, which tends to support the hypothesis that the ASTt migrants were the first to routinely occupy these habitats.…”

Section: Implications For Astt Settlement and Maritime Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large mammal biomass predicts the changing distribution of hunter-gatherer settlements in mid-late Holocene Alaska

Tremayne

Winterhalder

2017

Journal of Anthropological Archaeology

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a b s t r a c tThis study provides an ecological explanation for the distribution of Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) settlements in Alaska and the origin of their arctic maritime adaptation. Theoretically grounded in the ideal free distribution (IFD) model, which predicts that higher ranked habitats will be occupied first and most continuously, we contend that the location of large mammals was a major factor influencing human dispersal and settlement decisions in the arctic and subarctic ecosystems of Alaska. We rank habitat suitability based on historic mammal population densities from wildlife ecology reports across predefined ecological zones in Alaska; we multiply densities by average animal weights per species to determine suitability rankings. Coastal habitats in Alaska are higher ranked than adjacent tundra habitats, but the interior boreal forest may have been the highest ranked, considering technological constraints of hunting aquatic species. The ASTt migration into Alaska created population pressure that promoted the colonization of the unoccupied Arctic coast and development of the dual, terrestrial-maritime economy. When pan-Alaska human populations declined around 3200-2500 years ago low ranked tundra ecoregions were abandoned. As human populations recovered Alaska coasts became the most densely populated habitats. The adaptive logic entailed in the IFD provides a consistent evolutionary interpretation for settlement patterns documented in this region.Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Minimal late Holocene sea level rise in the Chukchi Sea: arctic insensitivity to global change?

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Variability of sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene

Variability of sea ice cover in the Chukchi Sea (western Arctic Ocean) during the Holocene

Pollen Evidence for Late Pleistocene Bering Land Bridge Environments from Norton Sound, Northeastern Bering Sea, Alaska

Large mammal biomass predicts the changing distribution of hunter-gatherer settlements in mid-late Holocene Alaska

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