MINIMAL NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE GERMAN ROACH, <i>BLATTELLA GERMANICA</i> L.*

Gordon, H. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1959.tb36910.x

Cited by 150 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…This confirms reports of other investigators according to which the use of mineral mixtures designed to feed vertebrates is illogical because it contains high levels of Ca and it is imbalanced for insects in many other respects (HOUSE and BARLOW 1965). Furthermore SANG (1956) reported that Drosophila melanogaster required no calcium except in trace amounts and GORDON (1959) that calcium requirement could not be determined in Blatella germanica and that this element was toxic under certain conditions. MAJUMDER and BANO (1964) also reported that calcium was toxic to common pests of stored grains at low concentrations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of excess levels of inorganic salts upon survival, growth and pupal yield of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) larvae

Manoukas

1982

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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The adverse effects of excess levels of certain salts upon growth, survival, number of pupae and pupal weight of Dacus oleae larvae were studied and their tolerance limits were established. Larval growth was the parameter affected first by most salts. Potassium chloride caused a growth depression effect at the very high concentration of 4.0 g/100 g diet while copper sulfate at the very low concentration of 0.005 g/100 g diet. Sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and iron sulfate caused a growth depression effect at 0.40, 1.00, 0.40, 0.100, 0.025, and 0.025 g/100 g diet, respectively. The order of tolerance limits and of the percent depression were quite different for most inorganic elements. Thus potassium only at the high level of 2094 mg/100 g diet depressed larval weight by 75% while copper even at the low level of 1 mg/100 g diet depressed larval weight by 50%. The adverse effects of the salts on all other parameters were presented and discussed. Zusammenfassung Wirkung von hohen Dosierungen anorganischer Salze aufüberleben, Wachstum und Verpuppung von Dacus oleae (Gmel.‐)Larven Bei den D. oleae‐Larven führten hohe Gaben von Kaliumchlorid (4,0 g/100 g Nahrung) zu Wachstumsstörungen. Kupfersulfat hatte bereits bei sehr geringer Konzentration (0,005 g/100 g Nahrung) dieselbe Wirkung. Natriumchlorid, Magnesiumsulfat, Kalcium‐ sowie Mangan‐, Zink‐und Eisensulfat verursachten Wachstumsstörungen bei 0,40, 1,00, 0,40 sowie 0,100, 0,025 und 0,025 g/100 g Nahrung. Die Toleranzgrenzen und Hemmquoten waren bei den einzelnen Trägerelementen sehr verschieden. So bewirkte Kalium erst bei 2094 g/100 g Nahrung eine 75%ige Gewichtsverminderung der Larven, während Kupfer schon bei 1 mg/100 g Nahrung zu 50% Verminderung des Larvengewichts führte. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit dem bisher Bekannten erörtert.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Effect of excess levels of inorganic salts upon survival, growth and pupal yield of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) larvae

Manoukas

1982

Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Surprisingly, in the 11 d trial, the reduction in ECD did not appear to be a result of reduced AD. Two factors may be responsible: (1) it is known that ECD can vary considerably with the nutrient intake (Gordon 1959) and that insect attack results in a suppression of photosynthetic and primary metabolism genes in plants (Hermsmeier et al 2001;Hui et al 2003), which may deprive larvae from ingesting essential macronutrients that would otherwise be used for increasing their ECD. For example, nitrogen fertilization has been observed to increase ECI and ECD in gypsy moths (Giertych et al 2005); (2) differences in AD might be obscured in larvae that fed on as-lox ev as they progress into late instars.…”

Section: Usefulness Of Nutritional Indices In Understanding Plant Defmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using nutritional indices to study LOX3‐dependent insect resistance

Rayapuram

Baldwin

2006

Plant Cell & Environment

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Induced resistance to biotic attackers is thought to be mediated by responses elicited by jasmonic acid (JA), a subset of which are lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3) dependent. To understand the importance of LOX3-mediated insect resistance, we analysed the performance of Manduca sexta larvae on wild-type (WT) and on isogenic Nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in NaLOX3 expression and JA signalling, and we used Waldbauer nutritional indices to measure the pre-and post-ingestive effects. LOX3-mediated defenses reduced larval growth, consumption and frass production. These defenses reduced how efficiently late-instar larvae converted digested food to body mass (ECD). In contrast, LOX3-mediated defenses decreased approximate digestibility (AD) in early instar larvae without affecting the ECD and total food consumption. Larvae of all instars feeding on defended WT plants behaviourally compensate for their reduced body mass by consuming more food per unit of body mass gain. We suggest that larvae feeding on plants silenced in NaLOX3 expression ( as-lox ) initially increase their AD, which in turn enables them to consume more food in the later stages and consequently, to increase their ECD and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI). We conclude that N. attenuata 's oxylipin-mediated defenses are important for resisting attack from M. sexta larvae, and that Waldbauer nutritional assays reveal behavioural and physiological counter responses of insects to these plant defenses.

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“…Another study showed that H. armigera midgut lumen proteome was diverse and complex suggesting high adaptability to different toxins (Pauchet et al ., ). As knowledge of nutrition increased, it has become clear that, as a result of natural selection, all potential food sources may become imbalanced to some extent (Gordon, ; Perry et al ., ; Stevens et al ., ). There is a positive correlation between food preference and the nutritive value of diet eaten by the grasshopper, Melanoplus mexicanus (Ibanez et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification are regulated in Helicoverpa armigera to cope up with chlorpyrifos insecticide

Dawkar

Chikate

et al. 2015

Insect Science

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Helicoverpa armigera is a key pest in many vital crops, which is mainly controlled by chemical strategies. To manage this pest is becoming challenging due to its ability and evolution of resistance against insecticides. Further, its subsequent spread on nonhost plant is remarkable in recent times. Hence, decoding resistance mechanism against phytochemicals and synthetic insecticides is a major challenge. The present work describes that the digestion, defense and immunity related enzymes are associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in H. armigera. Proteomic analysis of H. armigera gut tissue upon feeding on chlorpyrifos containing diet (CH) and artificial diet (AD) using nano-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified upregulated 23-proteins in CH fed larvae. Database searches combined with gene ontology analysis revealed that the identified gut proteins engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification. Biochemical and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of candidate proteins indicated that insects were struggling to get nutrients and energy in presence of CH, while at the same time endeavoring to metabolize chlorpyrifos. Moreover, we proposed a potential processing pathway of chlorpyrifos in H. armigera gut by examining the metabolites using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. H. armigera exhibit a range of intriguing behavioral, morphological adaptations and resistance to insecticides by regulating expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification mechanisms to cope up with chlorpyrifos. In these contexts, as gut is a rich repository of biological information; profound analysis of gut tissues can give clues of detoxification and resistance mechanism in insects.

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MINIMAL NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE GERMAN ROACH, BLATTELLA GERMANICA L.*

Cited by 150 publications

References 86 publications

Effect of excess levels of inorganic salts upon survival, growth and pupal yield of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) larvae

Effect of excess levels of inorganic salts upon survival, growth and pupal yield of Dacus oleae (Gmel.) larvae

Using nutritional indices to study LOX3‐dependent insect resistance

The expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification are regulated in Helicoverpa armigera to cope up with chlorpyrifos insecticide

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