Minimal variation in the transmission-blocking vaccine candidate Pfs4845 of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

Please be advised that this information was generated on 2018-05-11 and may be subject to change.

Structural models for the protein family characterized by gamete surface protein Pfs230 ofPlasmodium falciparum

“…Polymorphism-rich regions of Pfs230 and Pfs48͞45 (33)(34)(35) and the whole Pfs47 gene were sequenced from 24 clones from different geographical locations by using PCR amplification and direct sequencing (X. Z. Su, J. Mu, A.C., and R.C., unpublished data).…”

Transgenesis, Paratransgenesis and Transmission Blocking Vaccines to Prevent Insect-Borne Diseases

“…Additionally, the antigen/adjuvant combination has to be safe enough to the vertebrate host so as to avoid side effects after immunization (Saul et al 2007;Wu et al 2008). Ideally, a TBV candidate antigen will display low levels of polymorphisms (in field isolates) so that a unique antigen may be used to produce a TBV capable of recognizing all the field variants of that specific antigen (Kocken et al 1995;Drakeley et al 1996;Duffy & Kaslow 1997;Sattabongkot et al 2003). Alternatively, an effective TBV may need to combine different antigens because the combined action of the antibodies against such antigens may produce a more efficient transmission-blocking result (Duffy & Kaslow 1997;Gozar et al 1998;Kongkasuriyachai et al 2004).…”

“…In addition to identifying TBV candidates that are effective and may span different insect vector species, studies on TBV development must include antigenic variability present in field isolates (Kocken et al 1995;Drakeley et al 1996;Duffy & Kaslow 1997;Sattabongkot et al 2003), immunogenicity of such antigens (Kubler-Kielb et al 2007), reactogenicity caused by adjuvants (Saul et al 2007;Wu et al 2008), non-specific responses (Quakyi et al 1987;Tonui et al 2001a), and improper folding of antigens (Kaslow et al 1994;Milek et al 1998a;Milek et al 1998b;Milek et al 2000). Natural antigenic boosting is another important issue that must be dealt with (Arevalo-Herrera et al 2005).…”

Transmission blocking vaccines to control insect-borne diseases: a review

“…Furthermore, with regards to the application of Pfs48/45 as a potential TBV against malaria, the variability of Pfs48/45 from culture and field isolates from many countries was analyzed (Kocken et al 1995, Drakeley et al 1996. The results obtained indicated low levels of polymorphism in the overall gene among either in vitro cultures or field isolates (Kocken et al 1995, Drakeley et al 1996.…”

“…Additionally, in case the TBV candidate is presented in an antigen/adjuvant combination, this combination has to be safe enough to the vertebrate host in order to prevent significant side effects following immunization (Saul et al 2007, Wu et al 2008). Ideally, a TBV candidate antigen will display low levels of polymorphisms (in field isolates) so that a unique antigen may be used to produce a TBV capable of recognizing all the field variants of that specific antigen (Kocken et al 1995, Drakeley et al 1996, Duffy & Kaslow 1997, Sattabongkot et al 2003. Alternatively, an effective TBV may need to combine different antigens because the combined action of the antibodies against such antigens may produce a more efficient transmission-blocking result (Duffy & Kaslow 1997, Gozar et al 1998, Kongkasuriyachai et al 2004.…”