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Inguinal hernia is a common problem among children, and herniotomy has been its standard of care. Laparoscopy, which gained a toehold initially in the management of pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH), has managed to steer world opinion against routine contralateral groin exploration by precise detection of contralateral patencies. Besides detection, its ability to repair simultaneously all forms of inguinal hernias (indirect, direct, combined, recurrent, and incarcerated) together with contralateral patencies has cemented its role as a viable alternative to conventional repair. Numerous minimally invasive techniques for addressing PIH have mushroomed in the past two decades. These techniques vary considerably in their approaches to the internal ring (intraperitoneal, extraperitoneal), use of ports (three, two, one), endoscopic instruments (two, one, or none), sutures (absorbable, nonabsorbable), and techniques of knotting (intracorporeal, extracorporeal). In addition to the surgeons' experience and the merits/limitations of individual techniques, it is the nature of the defect that should govern the choice of technique. The emerging techniques show a trend toward increasing use of extracorporeal knotting and diminishing use of working ports and endoscopic instruments. These favor wider adoption of minimal access surgery in addressing PIH by surgeons, irrespective of their laparoscopic skills and experience. Growing experience, wider adoption, decreasing complications, and increasing advantages favor emergence of minimal access surgery as the gold standard for the treatment of PIH in the future. This article comprehensively reviews the laparoscopic techniques of addressing PIH.
Inguinal hernia is a common problem among children, and herniotomy has been its standard of care. Laparoscopy, which gained a toehold initially in the management of pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH), has managed to steer world opinion against routine contralateral groin exploration by precise detection of contralateral patencies. Besides detection, its ability to repair simultaneously all forms of inguinal hernias (indirect, direct, combined, recurrent, and incarcerated) together with contralateral patencies has cemented its role as a viable alternative to conventional repair. Numerous minimally invasive techniques for addressing PIH have mushroomed in the past two decades. These techniques vary considerably in their approaches to the internal ring (intraperitoneal, extraperitoneal), use of ports (three, two, one), endoscopic instruments (two, one, or none), sutures (absorbable, nonabsorbable), and techniques of knotting (intracorporeal, extracorporeal). In addition to the surgeons' experience and the merits/limitations of individual techniques, it is the nature of the defect that should govern the choice of technique. The emerging techniques show a trend toward increasing use of extracorporeal knotting and diminishing use of working ports and endoscopic instruments. These favor wider adoption of minimal access surgery in addressing PIH by surgeons, irrespective of their laparoscopic skills and experience. Growing experience, wider adoption, decreasing complications, and increasing advantages favor emergence of minimal access surgery as the gold standard for the treatment of PIH in the future. This article comprehensively reviews the laparoscopic techniques of addressing PIH.
Background: Several techniques are used for laparoscopic treatment of pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH). Disconnection and peritoneal closure was described by Becmeur in 2004, as an effective technique mimicing open technique. Others described disconnection only as an effective laparoscopic treatment of PIH specially for small defects. Here in, we describe the short term results of laparoscopic disconnection only of the hernial sac.Patients and Methods: This prospective clinical study was carried out in the Pediatric Surgery Unit, Tanta University Hospital, during the period from March 2016 to March 2017, on 15 patients with 20 pediatric inguinal hernias. All the cases were subjected to laparoscopic disconnection of the hernia sac without closure of peritoneum over internal ring. Results:The operative data as well as postoperative course and complications specially recurrence were reported. Twenty hernias were repaired laparoscopically by disconnection of sac only. Operative time ranged from 30 to 42 minutes for unilateral cases while in bilateral cases, it ranged from 35 to 50 minutes. All cases were repaired laparoscopically with no conversion. Three recurrences occurred, all with ring diameter more than 10mm. Conclusion:With enough experience LIHR is safe, feasible, and has no major complications and a small incidence of minor complications. With experienced hands U/S is a good tool for examining the contralateral side in unilateral PIH and for detection of a CPPV (a latent hernia). sac disconnection is an effective laparoscopic treatment of PIH. However, it is associated with an unacceptable recurrence rate (15%) in hernias >10mm in diameter. However, IRD is not the only factor contributing to recurrence.
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