Minimising emergency response time of ambulances through pre-positioning in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Maghfiroh, Meilinda Fitriani Nur; Hossain, Moinul; Hanaoka, Shinya

doi:10.1080/13675567.2017.1361390

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The allocated fund for road safety education in Bangladesh is insufficient, with education in Bangladesh being extremely inadequate at the present level of traffic enforcement, vehicle regulations, and road user volumes (Hoque, 2004). Also, in Bangladesh, the Emergency Response system is severely neglected, with the sector characterized by poor management and a lack of knowledge (Maghfiroh et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do road traffic collision types repeat themselves? Look back before moving forward

Das

Shafie

Hamim

et al. 2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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Fatalities due to road crashes are rising globally, with the situation being particularly severe in low‐income countries. Traditional investigation methods have reached a ceiling in terms of reducing road traffic fatalities, hence safety researchers have begun to explore systems‐based approaches. In this study, two bus‐pedestrian collisions occurring in Bangladesh and separated by a time span of 13 years have been analyzed using the Accimap methodology. Building on and going further than the Accimaps of the two collisions, the recommendations that have been proposed to reduce the recurrence of such collision types have been graphically represented in a combined Preventimap. This graphically displays the inter‐connectedness of the countermeasures. Further, the countermeasures have been mapped against six road safety E's, namely engineering, education, enforcement, economics, emergency response, and enablement. Comparing the countermeasures arising from each of the two collisions showed that some preventive strategies are unique to one collision while others are common to both collisions. With a significant proportion of the proposed recommendations being of similar types, we discuss the idea that had prompt and appropriate intervention measures been implemented at different levels of the system after the first collision, the probability of the occurrence of the second collision would have been significantly less. The same would apply to similar collisions in the future. We also discuss the benefits of the Preventimap representation and its potential uses in road safety policy and practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why do road traffic collision types repeat themselves? Look back before moving forward

Das

Shafie

Hamim

et al. 2021

Hum Ftrs & Erg Mfg Svc

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show abstract

“…The performance of FM-ERSoS in terms of response time for mission accomplishment can be improved with additional CSs, especially in emergency cases where human lives and critical infrastructures are under threat [73], [74]. However, additional CSs will increase the cost and may require extra resources for maintainability.…”

Section: ) Improving Performance With Additional Cps Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

SAM-SoS: A Stochastic Software Architecture Modeling and Verification Approach for Complex System-of-Systems

et al. 2020

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A System-of-Systems (SoS) is a complex, dynamic system whose Constituent Systems (CSs) are not known precisely at design time, and the environment in which they operate is uncertain. SoS behavior is unpredictable due to underlying architectural characteristics such as autonomy and independence. Although the stochastic composition of CSs is vital to achieving SoS missions, their unknown behaviors and impact on system properties are unavoidable. Moreover, unknown conditions and volatility have significant effects on crucial Quality Attributes (QAs) such as performance, reliability and security. Hence, the structure and behavior of a SoS must be modeled and validated quantitatively to foresee any potential impact on the properties critical for achieving the missions. Current modeling approaches lack the essential syntax and semantics required to model and verify SoS behaviors at design time and cannot offer alternative design choices for better design decisions. Therefore, the majority of existing techniques fail to provide qualitative and quantitative verification of SoS architecture models. Consequently, we have proposed an approach to model and verify Non-Deterministic (ND) SoS in advance by extending the current algebraic notations for the formal models as a hybrid stochastic formalism to specify and reason architectural elements with the required semantics. A formal stochastic model is developed using a hybrid approach for architectural descriptions of SoS with behavioral constraints. Through a model-driven approach, stochastic models are then translated into PRISM using formal verification rules. The effectiveness of the approach has been tested with an end-to-end case study design of an emergency response SoS for dealing with a fire situation. Architectural analysis is conducted on the stochastic model, using various qualitative and quantitative measures for SoS missions. Experimental results reveal critical aspects of SoS architecture model that facilitate better achievement of missions and QAs with improved design, using the proposed approach.

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“…As discussed in previous subsection, installing more SEMUs will reduce the IRT in smart cities (SCs). Careful pre-positioning of SEMUs can reduce IRT and the total number of required SEMUs as suggested in [39]. We have studied the influence of a number of SEMUs (N semu ) on IRT for various SCs under different traffic conditions (p c ).…”

Section: ) Emergency Response Latency With Additional Semusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formal Analysis of Human-Assisted Smart City Emergency Services

et al. 2019

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The concept of IoT-based Smart Cities has gained momentum in recent years. The research in this domain has focused on modeling key characteristics of future smart cities along with exploring their design and implementation aspects from multiple perspectives. There is, however, a lack of research effort to provide a holistic approach towards modeling smart city services. A comprehensive approach has to view the smart city as a dynamic, uncertain and complex environment where multiple events with varying severity occur in a continuous and non-deterministic manner. These events have to be handled efficiently with the available resources. In this paper, we present a holistic approach to model the probabilistic as well as non-deterministic aspects of the emergency management services of a smart city by using probabilistic model checking. Our proposed model captures the emergency events of varying severity occurring at several locations in a continuous and non-deterministic manner. These events are responded to by a smart emergency management unit (SEMU), which dispatches the required emergency response units (ERUs) to the event location. In addition to modeling a completely automated system, we introduce a human-assisted decision-making process in the model to reduce false alarms. The proposed model can be used to study and evaluate key parameters in designing a smart city emergency management system to meet given service level agreements. We have implemented our proposed model using the PRISM model checker and have conducted several case studies to highlight the effectiveness of our proposed approach for different scenarios of varying complexities. INDEX TERMS Smart city emergency services, PRISM, probabilistic model checking.

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Minimising emergency response time of ambulances through pre-positioning in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Why do road traffic collision types repeat themselves? Look back before moving forward

Why do road traffic collision types repeat themselves? Look back before moving forward

SAM-SoS: A Stochastic Software Architecture Modeling and Verification Approach for Complex System-of-Systems

Formal Analysis of Human-Assisted Smart City Emergency Services

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