Minimization of facial synkinesis

Abstract

Purpose of review To summarize the treatment options available for the management of postparalytic facial synkinesis which include facial rehabilitation, chemodenervation, and a spectrum of surgical interventions. Recent findings Facial rehabilitation and botulinum toxin chemodenervation represent the foundation of facial synkinesis management, with specific treatment paradigms directed by individual patient needs. Evolving surgical approaches range from isolated selective myectomies or neurectomies to combination approaches which may incorporate various types of nerve transfer with gracilis free muscle transplantation. Summary Postparalytic facial synkinesis bears significant patient morbidity due to aesthetic and functional implications. Management strategies must balance patient goals with treatment risks and typically progress stepwise from the least to most invasive interventions. Emerging techniques reveal a convergence in approaches to facial reanimation and synkinesis mitigation.