Minimization of Ice Adhesion to Space Shuttle Component Surfaces

Ferrick, Michael G.; Mulherin, Nathan D.; Coutermarsh, Barry A.; Durell, Glenn D.; Curtis, Leslie; Clair, Terry L. St.; Weiser, Erik S.; Cano, Roberto J.; Smith, Trent M.; Stevenson, Charles G.; Martinez, Eloy C.

doi:10.1163/016942411x574619

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Ice formation on exterior surfaces has been a persistent nuisance and hazard for outdoor infrastructure such as offshore platforms, 1 asphalt roads and pavements, 2 power transmission lines, 3 aircraft parts (engines, wings, and tail), 4 wind turbines, 5 solar panels, 6 helicopter blades, 7 and even space shuttle components. 8 While ice removal is typically accomplished via active deicing techniques (thermal, mechanical, and/or chemical) that require continued reapplication, 9 recent advances in surface technologies have ushered in the development of so-called "ice-phobic" materials, whose interfacial properties either prevent ice formation, reduce its adhesion, or both. 3 The first approachpreventing ice formationmay be achieved by either fabricating nonwetting surfaces that repel impinging water droplets such that the surface remains dry, 10−13 or designing surfaces that delay ice nucleation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Ice Adhesion on Nonsmooth Metallic Surfaces: Wettability and Topography Effects

Ling

Uong

Renault-Crispo

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

130

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The effects of ice formation and accretion on external surfaces range from being mildly annoying to potentially life-threatening. Ice-shedding materials, which lower the adhesion strength of ice to its surface, have recently received renewed research attention as a means to circumvent the problem of icing. In this work, we investigate how surface wettability and surface topography influence the ice adhesion strength on three different surfaces: (i) superhydrophobic laser-inscribed square pillars on copper, (ii) stainless steel 316 Dutch-weave meshes, and (iii) multiwalled carbon nanotube-covered steel meshes. The finest stainless steel mesh displayed the best performance with a 93% decrease in ice adhesion relative to polished stainless steel, while the superhydrophobic square pillars exhibited an increase in ice adhesion by up to 67% relative to polished copper. Comparisons of dynamic contact angles revealed little correlation between surface wettability and ice adhesion. On the other hand, by considering the ice formation process and the fracture mechanics at the ice-substrate interface, we found that two competing mechanisms governing ice adhesion strength arise on nonplanar surfaces: (i) mechanical interlocking of the ice within the surface features that enhances adhesion, and (ii) formation of microcracks that act as interfacial stress concentrators, which reduce adhesion. Our analysis provides insight toward new approaches for the design of ice-releasing materials through the use of surface topographies that promote interfacial crack propagation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing Ice Adhesion on Nonsmooth Metallic Surfaces: Wettability and Topography Effects

Ling

Uong

Renault-Crispo

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A wide variety of tests to measure adhesion and ice accretion are available, but there is no general agreement in terms of best practice or procedures. For ice adhesion, there are several tests based on the shear stress necessary to detach the formed ice (in unrealistic conditions) from the material [46], among which the most used are the zero degree cone test (ZDCT) [47] and the double lap shear test (DLST) [48]. Another type of tests is the cantilever/electroshaker type [49] in which the specimen is held at one end and subjected to vibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Functionalized Coatings for the Prevention of Ice Accretion by Using Icing Wind Tunnel Tests

et al. 2020

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Ice accretion presents serious safety issues, as airplanes are exposed to supercooled water droplets both on the ground and while flying through clouds in the troposphere. Prevention of icing is a main concern for both developers and users of aircraft. The successful solution of this problem implies the combination of active and passive methods and the use of advanced sensors for early detection of icing and monitoring of ice accretion and de-icing processes. This paper focuses on the development of passive solutions. These include advanced anti-icing coatings deposited by a variety of chemical methods including sol-gel, advanced paints based on polyester combined with fluorinated derivatives and applied by electrostatic spray deposition and conventional silicone-based paints modified by adding alumina nanoparticles. Water contact angle has been measured in all cases, demonstrating the hydrophobic character of the coatings. An ice accretion test has been carried out in a laboratory scale icing wind tunnel (IWT) located in a cold climate chamber. Three different studies have been undertaken: ice accretion measurement, durability of the anti-icing behavior after several icing/de-icing cycles and ice adhesion testing by means of the double lap shear test (DLST) methodology. All the studied coatings have shown significant anti-icing behavior which has been maintained, in some cases, beyond 25 cycles. Although these results are still far from any possible application for aeronautic components, they provide interesting insights for new developments and validate the laboratory scale tests.

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“…The most widely known test, the ZDCT, consists of a shear load applied to a confined ice-substrate assembly (Haehnel and Mulherin 1998). In addition, CRREL developed the lap shear test for ice adhesion (Ferrick et al 2006a(Ferrick et al , 2006b). However, both tests have some shortcomings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Shear and tensile delamination of ice from surfaces : The Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT)

Lovell¹,

Hoch²,

Donnelly³

et al. 2021

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For decades, researchers have sought to understand the adhesion of ice to surfaces so that low-cost ice mitigation strategies can be developed. Presently, the field of ice adhesion is still without formal standards for performing ice adhesion tests. The U.S. Army Corps Engineers’ Research and Development Center’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL) has a longstanding history as an independent third party for ice adhesion testing services. Most notably, CRREL’s Zero-Degree Cone Test (ZDCT) has been an industry favorite for more than 30 years. Despite its wide acceptance, the ZDCT contains some shortcomings, namely that freshwater ice is formed on the surface of interest within the confines of an annular gap. To address this limitation, CRREL developed and uses the Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT) for testing ice adhesion. This test employs an open planar substrate from which the ice can be removed under either tensile or shear loading, thereby allowing ice to be grown directly on the target substrate without the use of molds. The IAPT configuration is therefore amenable to different ice types and geometries and will provide utility to research studies that aim to develop surface treatments to mitigate ice in a wide range of environments. This report describes the IAPT and its use for characterizing the ice adhesion properties of materials.

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Minimization of Ice Adhesion to Space Shuttle Component Surfaces

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Reducing Ice Adhesion on Nonsmooth Metallic Surfaces: Wettability and Topography Effects

Reducing Ice Adhesion on Nonsmooth Metallic Surfaces: Wettability and Topography Effects

Evaluation of Functionalized Coatings for the Prevention of Ice Accretion by Using Icing Wind Tunnel Tests

Shear and tensile delamination of ice from surfaces : The Ice Adhesion Peel Test (IAPT)

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