Minimization of Losses in Smart Grids Using Coordinated Voltage Control

Abstract

This article deals with the influence of distributed generation (DG) on distribution line losses with respect to voltage profile. The article focuses on the development of a control strategy to minimize the grid losses and assure fairness regarding reactive power contributions. As retail customers typically have no choice where they are located along a feeder, it seems unfair that only some of them bear all the burden and responsibility for the voltage rise. On the basis of new technologies, which are capable of fast communication and data processing, a new control system has been proposed that combines classical centralized and local control. The heart of the control system is a load-flow algorithm, which estimates the voltage drop using a modeled network. Different control solutions were evaluated by means of computer simulations. The simulated network is an actual Slovenian medium-voltage distribution network which covers a large area with diverse feeders and thus gives relatively general results.

Distribution network development based on stochastic modelling approach

“…In this case it was presumed that tap positions are controlled based on multiple voltage measurements in the critical points in the network. Similar coordinated control algorithm is presented in [7]. The red line presents the reference probability curve using the existing transformer and PV constant power factor operation.…”

“…High penetration levels of DG on an electrical distribution system present several challenges and opportunities for distribution utilities. Their main concern is to maintain network voltage between tight limits, which is essential for correct operation of customer loads [7]. One of the main challenges is to determine the future voltage conditions due to connection of DG in the network, and because their location is usually unknown, only statistical estimate can be obtained.…”

Smart Distribution Systems

“…Different methods, such as weighted least square (WLS) [34], Bayesian network [35], graph theory [36], and machine learning [37], are proposed for state estimation. (3) Volt/VAR management: voltage and reactive power management is essential for utilities to minimize power losses while maintaining an acceptable voltage profile along the distribution feeder under various loading conditions [38,39]. The near real-time voltage measurements By 2015, an estimated total of 65 million smart meters have been installed in the U.S.…”

Crisscross Optimization Algorithm and Monte Carlo Simulation for Solving Optimal Distributed Generation Allocation Problem

“…Reasonable application of DGs can bring many advantages, such as voltage profile improvement and pollutant emission reduction [3][4][5]. However, inappropriate allocation of DGs may also lead to voltage fluctuations and system instability due to the uncertain nature of renewable resources [6,7].…”