Minimization of parallax error in positron emission tomography using depth of interaction capable detectors: methods and apparatus

Mohammadi, Iraj; Castro, I.F.; Correia, P.M.M.; Silva, Ana Luísa; Veloso, J.F.C.A.

doi:10.1088/2057-1976/ab4a1b

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Nevertheless, several solutions have been proposed to access to this information [86]. To give some examples, multi-layer detectors configurations [87], dual-ended readout approaches [88][89] or direct encoding with the use of monolithic crystals [90] can provide a reasonable DOI resolution [86]. However, from the development point of view, the best compromise between cost, complexity as well as spatial resolution is seen in detector configurations based on singleend readout and monolithic crystals.…”

Section: Role Of Doimentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Evaluation of High Resolution TOF-PET Detectors Suitable for Novel PET Scanners

Lamprou¹

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In this contribution, large SiPM arrays (8 × 8 elements of 6 × 6 mm 2 each) are processed with an ASIC-based readout and coupled to a monolithic LYSO crystal to explore their potential use for TOF-PET applications. The aim of this work is to study the integration of this technology in the development of clinical PET systems reaching sub-300 ps coincidence resolving time (CRT). The SiPM and readout electronics have been evaluated first, using a small size 1.6 mm (6 mm height) crystal array (32 × 32 elements). All pixels were well resolved and they exhibited an energy resolution of about 20% (using Time-over-Threshold methods) for the 511 keV photons. Several parameters have been scanned to achieve the optimum readout system performance, obtaining a CRT as good as 330 ± 5 ps FWHM. When using a black-painted monolithic block, the spatial resolution was measured to be on average 2.6 ± 0.5 mm, without correcting for the source size. Energy resolution appears to be slightly above 20%. CRT measurements with the monolithic crystal detector were also carried out. Preliminary results as well as calibration methods specifically designed to improve timing performance, are being analyzed in the present manuscript.

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Section: Role Of Doimentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Performance Evaluation of High Resolution TOF-PET Detectors Suitable for Novel PET Scanners

Lamprou¹

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“…Depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement will be a key technique to minimize the parallax error while maintaining sufficient efficiency. A lot of DOI coding methods have been investigated, and [94] reviews them. Among them, a two-layer DOI detector with pulse-shape discrimination has been used in a commercial brain PET system, and a four-layer DOI with reflector control has been used in a commercial breast-dedicated PET system.…”

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative PET in the 2020s: a roadmap

et al. 2021

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Positron emission tomography (PET) plays an increasingly important role in research and clinical applications, catalysed by remarkable technical advances and a growing appreciation of the need for reliable, sensitive biomarkers of human function in health and disease. Over the last 30 years a large amount of the physics and engineering effort in PET has been motivated by the dominant clinical application during that period, oncology. This has led to important developments such as PET/CT, whole-body PET, 3D PET, accelerated statistical image reconstruction, and time-of-flight PET. Despite impressive improvements in image quality as a result of these advances, the emphasis on static, semiquantitative "hot spot" imaging for oncologic applications has meant that the capability of PET for quantifying biologically relevant parameters based on tracer kinetics has not been fully exploited. More recent advances, such as PET/MR and total body PET, have opened up the ability to address a vast range of new research questions from which a future expansion of applications and radiotracers appears highly likely. Many of these new applications and tracers will, at least initially, require quantitative analyses that more fully exploit the exquisite sensitivity of PET and the tracer principle on which it is based. It is also expected that they will require more sophisticated quantitative analysis methods than those that are currently available. At the same time, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing data analysis and impacting the relationship between the statistical quality of the acquired data and the information we can extract from the data. In this roadmap, leaders of the key sub-disciplines of the field identify the challenges and opportunities to be addressed over the next 10 years that will enable PET to realise its full quantitative potential, initially in research laboratories and, ultimately, in clinical practice.

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“…In reality, the photon may travel through a few detector modules before generating a signal, causing parallax error. The parallax error could be avoided with a more advanced detector using Depth-of-Interaction (DOI) information 37,38 .…”

Section: Detection Signal Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pair production tomography imaging

Lyu¹,

Neph²,

Sheng³

2021

Preprint

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X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is an exceptionally versatile tool for diagnosis and detection. Despite numerous technological evolutions, the underlying mechanism for CT image formation has not changed. To markedly expand beyond the current capacity of X-ray CT based on a new image formation mechanism, we introduce pair production tomography (P2T) imaging. Unlike CT, whose signals arise from attenuation of the incident photons, P2T collects coincident annihilation photons originated from the pair production interaction with high energy X-rays for tomographic reconstruction. We studied three P2T acquisition methods, including filtered back projection (FBP), time-of-flight (TOF), and scanning pencil beam (SPB). Using Monte Carlo simulation on phantom and patient data, we demonstrate three distinctly new capabilities for P2T: high linearity with the material atomic number for element mapping and soft tissue differentiation, the ability to form tomography with as few as a single heavily truncated X-ray beam, and in vivo radiotherapy treatment dose verification and monitoring. Among the three P2T acquisition methods, FBP is the least technically demanding, but its utility is limited to high radiation dose procedures such as radiotherapy treatment monitoring. Both TOF and SPB result in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) P2T images with a typical imaging dose. The quality of TOF relies on the time resolution of detectors. In comparison, SPB suppresses localization errors based on the known excitation path, which significantly mitigates the detector time resolution requirement.

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Minimization of parallax error in positron emission tomography using depth of interaction capable detectors: methods and apparatus

Cited by 63 publications

References 128 publications

Development and Performance Evaluation of High Resolution TOF-PET Detectors Suitable for Novel PET Scanners

Development and Performance Evaluation of High Resolution TOF-PET Detectors Suitable for Novel PET Scanners

Quantitative PET in the 2020s: a roadmap

Pair production tomography imaging

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