Minimizing raw water NOM concentration through optimized source water selection

Weiss, Wieland; Schindler, S. C.; Freud, Salome; Herzner, Julie A.; Hoek, Katie F.; Wright, Benjamen A.; Reckhow, David A.; Becker, William C.

doi:10.5942/jawwa.2013.105.0119

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Natural organic matter levels as measured by TOC vary between and within the NYC water supply reservoirs (SWRC, 2008). This suggests that TTHM levels may potentially be reduced by altering reservoir operations (i.e., withdrawal patterns) as discussed in Weiss et al (2013). Third, advanced warning capabilities could be enhanced by using automated water quality sensors, such as those recommended by the USEPA (e.g., Panguluri et al, 2009), to provide the inputs to our model.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Trihalomethanes in the New York City Water Supply

Mukundan

Dreason²

2014

J. Environ. Qual.

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Chlorine, a commonly used disinfectant in most water supply systems, can combine with organic carbon to form disinfectant byproducts, including carcinogenic trihalomethanes. We used water quality data from 24 monitoring sites within the New York City water supply distribution system, measured between January 2009 and April 2012, to develop an empirical model for predicting total trihalomethane (TTHM) levels. Terms in the model included the following water quality parameters: total organic carbon, pH, water age (reaction time), and water temperature. Reasonable estimates of TTHM levels were achieved with overall of about 0.75, and predicted values on average were within 6 μg L of measured values. A sensitivity analysis indicated that total organic carbon and water age are the most important factors for TTHM formation, followed by water temperature; pH was the least important factor within the boundary conditions of observed water quality. Although never out of compliance in 2011, the TTHM levels in the water supply increased after tropical storms Irene and Lee, with 45% of the samples exceeding the 80 μg L maximum contaminant level in October and November. This increase was explained by changes in water quality parameters, particularly by the increase in total organic carbon concentration during this period. This study demonstrates the use of an empirical model to understand TTHM formative factors and their relative importance in a drinking water supply. This has implications for simulating management scenarios and real-time estimation of TTHMs in water supply systems under changing environmental conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Trihalomethanes in the New York City Water Supply

Mukundan

Dreason²

2014

J. Environ. Qual.

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“…In a multi-source WDS with a looped configuration, as studied by Dong et al [121], key challenges include accurately identifying water sources for different areas using spatial interpolation techniques and achieving precise DBP analysis, which is constrained by the limited number of monitoring points. Compounding this challenge, Weiss et al [127] noted variations in the types and concentrations of DBPs across different reservoirs. This variability in DBP profiles further complicates the task of managing water quality in such systems, necessitating a more nuanced approach to monitoring and analysis.…”

Section: Characterizing Nom In Multi-source Network: Challenges and O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This variability in DBP profiles further complicates the task of managing water quality in such systems, necessitating a more nuanced approach to monitoring and analysis. To address these challenges, future research must focus on investigating NOM sources and characters in reservoirs, employing advanced online monitoring methods like UV254, full UV absorbance scans, and three-dimensional fluorescence [127].…”

Section: Characterizing Nom In Multi-source Network: Challenges and O...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Organic Matter Character in Drinking Water Distribution Systems: A Review of Impacts on Water Quality and Characterization Techniques

Riyadh,

Peleato

2024

Water

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Natural Organic Matter (NOM) in water arises from decomposed plant and animal matter and is ubiquitous in drinking water sources. The variation in NOM concentrations and characteristics, influenced by events like floods and droughts, plays a crucial role in water treatment efficiency and water quality received by the public. For example, increased NOM concentrations necessitate higher levels of coagulants and disinfectants, leads to the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs), and plays a key role in biofilm development. When considering impacts of NOM, it is not only the presence or concentration but the makeup or proportion of varying sub-groups which can impact water quality. Formation of DBPs, corrosion and scaling, pollutant transport, aesthetic deterioration, and biofilm growth are dependent on the relative composition of NOM within the distribution system. Although the role of NOM concentration and characteristics is well studied during treatment, the impacts of residual NOM in water distribution systems have received less attention. In particular, it is clear, due to the varying roles of NOM sub-groups, that greater consideration of NOM characteristics in distribution systems is needed. This paper reviews the broad implications of NOM characteristics for water distribution systems and explores challenges and opportunities in NOM characterization within distribution systems. Furthermore, the influence of NOM characteristics in premise plumbing is examined. The review highlights the necessity for precise NOM characterization and real-time monitoring, aiming to strengthen water distribution system resilience.

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“…NOM is a complex assemblage of organic molecules affected by local geography. The characteristic effects of NOM are likely site-specific or seasonal (Bhatnagar, 2017;Weiss et al, 2013), so it is difficult to generalize.…”

Section: Corrosion Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 30‐year review of copper pitting corrosion and pinhole leaks: Achievements and research gaps

Gibson

Karney

2021

AWWA Water Science

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Despite decades of research, the pitting of copper pipes is poorly understood. This article summarizes the key research findings from 1990 to the present and identifies research gaps. Several lines of evidence suggest that, for soft waters, additional alkalinity or maintaining a pH <8.5 may reduce copper pitting. Phosphate corrosion inhibitors, used to prevent lead corrosion, may also moderate copper pitting in low-alkalinity waters. However, such inhibitors could also exacerbate pitting due to insufficient coverage or could increase biological growth. Biological processes are likely involved in pitting corrosion, and practices to reduce biological growth may be beneficial. The research gaps identified include a need for better benchmarking, the effects of chemical transients (e.g., chlorine burns) and of hydraulic transients (e.g., water hammer), and changing the residual disinfectant from chlorine to chloramine.

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Minimizing raw water NOM concentration through optimized source water selection

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Predicting Trihalomethanes in the New York City Water Supply

Predicting Trihalomethanes in the New York City Water Supply

Natural Organic Matter Character in Drinking Water Distribution Systems: A Review of Impacts on Water Quality and Characterization Techniques

A 30‐year review of copper pitting corrosion and pinhole leaks: Achievements and research gaps

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