Minimizing Shoulder Pain Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Abstract

Active aspiration of the residual gas just before the removal of the trochars is a simple procedure and leads to a more comfortable hospital stay for patients.

Laparoscopic appendectomy under spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine infusion

“…In particular, preventing and managing carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum-induced shoulder pain is important during laparoscopic surgery under regional anesthesia. Postoperative shoulder tip pain resulting from diaphragm irritation after general anesthesia can be easily reduced by removing intra-abdominal residual carbon dioxide gas, which can be accomplished by applying active aspiration via the trochars [12] or the lung recruitment maneuver at the end of surgery [13]. However, intraoperative shoulder tip pain during regional anesthesia is a leading cause of conversion to general anesthesia [5,7].…”

A Simple Method of Reducing Residual Intraperitoneal Carbon Dioxide After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

“…The pain scores of the patients and the analgesic requirements were significantly decreased. Das et al 9 performed a similar study and also reported decreased pain scores.…”

“…12 Various methods have been investigated with the aim of decreasing shoulder pain. 4,5,[7][8][9][12][13][14] One of the methods that has been studied is active gas suction. Jorgensen et al 8 studied the effect of applying suction on the suprahepatic drain after LC and concluded that this procedure significantly reduced shoulder pain as reported by the patient.…”

“…6 Based on these results, several authors have suggested a method of active gas suction. [7][8][9] In these studies, the amount of residual intraperitoneal carbon dioxide after gas suction was not measured, and only the pain scores of the patients were compared. The aim of the current study was to directly investigate whether active gas suction reduces intraperitoneal residual carbon dioxide and to analyze the effect of active gas suction on postoperative pain.…”

Laparoscopic Gynaecological Procedures Under Spinal Anaesthesia Using Dexmedetomidine Infusion for Sedation: A Feasibility Study

“…Amongst all the discomforts, carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum-induced shoulder pain during laparoscopic surgery under spinal anaesthesia is the most distressing. Postoperative shoulder tip pain after general anaesthesia is easily managed by removing intra-abdominal residual carbon dioxide by applying active aspiration via the trocars [8] or by lung recruitment manoeuvre. [9] However, intraoperative shoulder tip pain during regional anaesthesia is a leading cause of conversion to general anaesthesia.…”