Minimizing the Cost of Coping with Droughts: Springfield, Illinois

Dziegielewski, Ben; Crews, James E.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9496(1986)112:4(419)

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…And in most cases, vended water rates are higher hence exhibiting elevated equity impacts like what [50] observed in the city of Cochabamba, Bolivia. This paper shares the same view advanced by [51] that solving water supply unreliability should be tied to drought risk preparedness plan; a position also supported by [52].…”

Section: Water Supply Reliabilitysupporting

confidence: 62%

The Implication of Unreliable Urban Water Supply Service: The Case of Vendor Water Cost in Langata Sub County, Nairobi City, Kenya

Ochungo¹,

Ouma²,

Obiero³

et al. 2019

JWARP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Studies on urban water supply service improvements continue to draw interest across the world. The pressure on freshwater resources is increasing in every region in the face of an increasing demand and climate change dynamics. Langata sub County in Nairobi city, Kenya faces drought induced water shortage and households rely on water vending and bottled water purchases to augment the inadequate municipal water supplies. Little to our knowledge has been done to assess the cost implication of such a practice here. So the study used household survey method to collect monthly households' water bills comprising; utility company, water tanker delivery and bottled water purchase from a randomly sampled 382 households spread within the five wards; Karen, South C, Mugumoini, Nairobi West and Nyayo Highrise. The gated communities identified are 57. Simple stochastic analysis of the data was done after data cleaning using MS Excel. It was found that the municipal water serves up to 91.15% of the total average household monthly water demand with a cost share of 27.91%. Water tanker delivery meets 8.61% of the household water demand with a cost share of 50.74%. The bottled water purchases serve 0.24% of a typical household water demand with a total cost share of 21.35%. The water supply deficit which is a mere 8.85% met by tanker deliveries and bottled water purchases has a total average cost share of 72.09%. The computed cost burden is 258%. This means that the households pay more than two and a half times extra above the utility bill per month. The study recommends a new water policy that will incorporate the role of water vendors operated on a cooperative model by the gated communities using standard guidelines. How to cite this paper: Ochungo, E.A., Journal of Water Resource and Protection vulnerability of public water supply systems to impacts of climate variability [26] [27] [28].Accordingly, households nowadays do supplement with vended water transported by one or a number of these methods: head-ported or hand-held water containers [29], walking tractors, bicycles, hand-carts/donkey carts [30] [31], motorbikes and owner-managed water access systems for a home or a community [32]. One other popular coping strategy is buying from neighbors; a practice found in Accra city, Ghana according to [33]. Such daily distressful struggles for water access service makes urban dualism concept real as the beneficiaries are known to be living in urban settings with on-site water utility infrastructure [34] [35]. Further, the selection of a choice of water source with a suitable quality is not easy [36]. Despite the prevailing choice quandary, water vendors serve about 10% -69% of households in developing nations' cities [37]. On the other hand, selling of water to customers is a very important economic activity to the vendors [38]. That is why they always choose to ignore repugnant waterscape labels like 'mafias' as in Bangalore city, India [39].

show abstract

Section: Water Supply Reliabilitysupporting

confidence: 62%

The Implication of Unreliable Urban Water Supply Service: The Case of Vendor Water Cost in Langata Sub County, Nairobi City, Kenya

Ochungo¹,

Ouma²,

Obiero³

et al. 2019

JWARP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recent decades traditional systems analysis, based primarily on in-stream surface water reservoirs, has been extended using various simulation and optimization techniques to include the engineering of more complex forms of water storage, including multiple reservoirs and the conjunctive use of ground and surface water (Willis and Yeh 1987;Palmer et al 1982). The use of demand curbing and shaping options has been addressed in systems analysis of urban water supplies, showing significant water and cost savings from managing demand and demonstrating the trade-off between long-term and short-term demand management options (Rubenstein and Ortolano 1984;Dziegielewski and Crews 1986;Lund 1987).…”

Section: Systems Analysis and Integrated Resource Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating Yield and Shortage Management under Multiple Uncertainties

Jenkins

Lund

2000

J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An economic-engineering modeling approach is presented for integrating urban water supply reliability analysis with shortage management options such as dry year option and spot market water transfers, water reuse, and long-and short-term water conservation. The integrated model links supply-side yield simulation to probabilistic shortage management optimization, using a probability plotting position formula. The approach can help joint planning of supply and demand management and estimate the economic value of expanding infrastructure and changing institutional constraints. Results from a case study show that jointly managing supply capacity and operating rule decisions with shortage management decisions within a risk analysis framework can create significant economic savings. The importance of hydrologic and institutional uncertainties is explored. Tuning supply system and reservoir operating policies to match the seasonal and cost characteristics of available shortage management measures is shown to be essential to least-cost planning.

show abstract

“…Estimating M&I water supply benefits based on a least-costly-alternative analysis does not provide the precision and sensitivity needed to evaluate modifications in reservoir operating plans. Young, Taylor, and Hanks (1972), Dziegielewski and Crews (1986), and Wurbs and Cabezas (1987) suggest economic evaluation procedures, in which average annual losses due to water shortages are computed, which may be more pertinent for evaluating alternative reservoir operating policies.…”

Section: System Performance Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Multiple-Purpose Reservoir Systems Operations: A Review of Modeling and Analysis Approaches

Wurbs¹

1991

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Minimizing the Cost of Coping with Droughts: Springfield, Illinois

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

The Implication of Unreliable Urban Water Supply Service: The Case of Vendor Water Cost in Langata Sub County, Nairobi City, Kenya

The Implication of Unreliable Urban Water Supply Service: The Case of Vendor Water Cost in Langata Sub County, Nairobi City, Kenya

Integrating Yield and Shortage Management under Multiple Uncertainties

Optimization of Multiple-Purpose Reservoir Systems Operations: A Review of Modeling and Analysis Approaches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About