“…Distributed scheduling has been extended for various production environments, like distributed flowshop with heterogeneous factories (H. Meng and Pan 2021), group scheduling (Q.-K. Pan et al 2021), hybrid flowshop (Hao et al 2019;Lei and Wang 2020;Y. Li, Li, Gao, Zhang, et al 2020;Ying and Lin 2018), and integrated assembly-production flowshop (Deng et al 2016;W.-C. Lin 2018;Wu et al 2018Wu et al , 2019. Various production settings and practical features have also been integrated into the distributed flowshop to facilitate its real-world applications; blocking conditions (W. Li et al 2019;Zhao et al 2020), limited buffer constraints (G. Zhang and Xing 2019), no-wait (Komaki and Malakooti 2017;S.-W. Lin and Ying 2016), no-idle (Ying et al 2017;Zhao et al 2021), customer order-priority (Meng et al 2019), time window constraints (Jing et al 2020), machine-breakdowns (Wang et al 2016), and preventive maintenance (Mao et al 2021) Neighborhood Descent to minimize the makespan.…”