Minimum Criteria for the acceptance of<i>in vivo</i>alkaline Comet Assay Reports

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2977

Cited by 29 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although solid phase extraction (SPE) columns and/or multifunctional columns are so far included in almost all extract purification procedures (Gottschalk et al, 2009;di Mavungu et al, 2009;Monbaliu et al, 2010), recently also the application of the simple 'dilute and shoot' approaches (Sulyok et al, 2006) and QuEChERS-based methods have been introduced for the determination of nivalenol (Desmarchelier et al, 2010;Rasmussen et al, 2010;Sospreda et al, 2010;Vaclavik et al, 2010;Zachariasova et al, 2010a). Nivalenol, together with 86 other mycotoxins, was determined in a diluted extract of acetonitrile-water-acetic acid mixture by means of an in-house validated LC-MS/MS method (Sulyok et al, 2007).…”

Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

136

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Nivalenol is a mycotoxin produced by various Fusarium species. The European Commission (EC) asked the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for a scientific opinion on the risk to human and animal health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed. A total of 13 164 results for nivalenol in food, feed and unprocessed grains, collected in 2001-2011 from 18 European countries, were available for the evaluation. The highest mean concentrations for nivalenol were observed in oats, maize, barley and wheat and products thereof. Grains and grain-based foods, in particular bread and rolls, grain milling products, pasta, fine bakery wares and breakfast cereals, made the largest contribution to nivalenol exposure for humans. Animal exposure to nivalenol is primarily from consuming cereal grains and cereal by-products. The available information on the toxicokinetics of nivalenol is incomplete. Evidence exists for metabolic de-epoxidation in some species. Based on the data available, the Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that the overall weight of evidence is that nivalenol is unlikely to be genotoxic. Toxic effects of nivalenol include immunotoxicity and haematotoxicity. A reduction in white blood cell (WBC) counts in a 90-day rat study was identified as the critical effect for human risk assessment. Using these data and a benchmark dose analysis the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1.2 µg/kg b.w. per day. All chronic human dietary exposures to nivalenol estimated, based on the available occurrence data in food, are below the TDI, and are therefore not a health concern. No toxicity data were identified for ruminants, rabbits, fish and companion animals but lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels were identified in pigs and poultry. Based on estimates of exposure the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing nivalenol is low for both these species

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Section: Chromatographic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

2013

EFSA Journal

136

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“…Liver, kidneys, spleen and duodenum were chosen as target organs for the comet assay as they showed a notable accumulation of AgNPs in previous studies carried out in rodents after repeated administrations [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. The duodenum was also selected as a site-of-contact tissue since the exposure route to silver-kaolin formulation was oral [ 40 , 50 , 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of a Formulation Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Kaolin: An In Vivo Integrative Approach

et al. 2022

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A new material composed of a kaolin base with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attached to its surface was developed, as an alternative to antibiotics used as supplements in animal feed. As part of its safety assessment, an in vivo geno-toxicological evaluation of this material was conducted in rats. First, a preliminary dose finding study was carried out to decide the doses to be tested in the main study: 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg b.w. For the main study, a combined strategy composed of the MN test (TG 474) and the comet assay (TG 489), integrated in a repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study (TG 407), was performed. A No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 2000 mg of the silver-kaolin formulation/kg b.w. by oral route, for 28 days, was determined. The silver-kaolin formulation did not induce micronuclei in bone marrow, or DNA strand breaks (SBs) or alkali labile sites (ALS) in liver, spleen, kidney or duodenum at any dose. The modified Fpg comet assay did not reveal oxidized bases in the same tissues at the dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. Silver was quantified by ICP-MS in all the target organs, confirming the negative results obtained under these conditions.

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“…There is indeed huge potential to use SCGE as a diagnostic tool for cancer, in liquid biopsies and chemical safety (Anderson et al, 2013(Anderson et al, , 2014. The European Food Safety Association (EF-SA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have listed SCGE as an appropriate genotoxicity test (ECHA, 2018;EFSA, 2012), which satisfies several requirements listed by the EC Regulation on chemicals and their safe use (REACH). Furthermore, application of SCGE for human biomonitoring of environmental, occupational or lifestyle chemicals (Anderson et al, 2013;Azqueta et al, 2019;Davison, 2016;Koppen et al, 2018) and in the improvement of cancer diagnostics and therapy are ongoing (Anderson et al, 2014(Anderson et al, , 2019Apostolou et al, 2014;Buchynska et al, 2017;Dandah et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach to increase robustness, precision and high-throughput capacity of single cell gel electrophoresis

Cassano

2019

ALTEX

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salt and detergent-containing solution removes membranes and other cellular components, leaving behind only DNA at the position of the former cell nucleus. DNA unwinding and subsequent electrophoresis both take place under high pH (> 13) conditions. Due to strand breakage, supercoiled loops of DNA are relaxed and extend during electrophoresis into the tail. Staining the resulting structures with a fluorescent dye reveals the typical "comet" like shape (Azqueta et al., 2019;Collins, 2004). More DNA damage increases the fraction of relaxed DNA loops and thereby the length and/or intensity of the comet tail. Thus, DNA damage can be quantified as tail length, % tail intensity (also called % tail DNA) or tail moment. The % tail intensity quantifies the fluorescence intensity of the tail relative to the overall intensity of the complete comet. The tail moment integrates the % tail intensity and the tail

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Minimum Criteria for the acceptance ofin vivoalkaline Comet Assay Reports

Cited by 29 publications

References 14 publications

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

Scientific Opinion on risks for animal and public health related to the presence of nivalenol in food and feed

Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of a Formulation Containing Silver Nanoparticles and Kaolin: An In Vivo Integrative Approach

A novel approach to increase robustness, precision and high-throughput capacity of single cell gel electrophoresis

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