Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial compounds against Flavobacterium psychrophilum the causal agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS)

Rangdale, Rachel; Richards, R. H.; Alderman, D. J.

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00202-0

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Additional information is needed to better characterize the mechanisms of tetracycline resistance because recent reports show an increasing likelihood of encountering resistant strains of Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Rangdale et al 1997 and the level of resistance observed in the field appears to be clinically relevant (Bruun et al 2003). Because tetracycline resistance can be conferred by polymorphisms in the 16S rRNA gene, it is useful to speculate that one of the 16S rRNA polymorphisms described in the present study confers resistance to tetracycline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance

Soule¹,

LaFrentz²,

Cain³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease, which causes significant problems to aquaculture worldwide. A recent study (Soule M, Cain K, LaFrentz S, Call DR [2005] Infect Immun 73:3799-3802) identified two 16S rRNA gene sequence variants (6 base differences) within the variable stem-loop region 3 for F. psychrophilum strains ATCC 49418 and CSF 259-93. That study also hypothesized that F. psychrophilum is composed of at least 2 distinct genetic lineages (I and II) described by a microarray-based comparative genomics study. In the present study, we augmented an existing 16S rDNA microarray to detect both 16S rRNA sequence variants from F. psychrophilum. Subsequent microarray experiments showed that CSF 259-93 hybridized as expected, but ATCC 49418 was positive for both sequence variants. We then developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay (MnlI and MaeIII) to distinguish between the 2 sequences. Gel isolation of PCR-RFLP products, cloning, and sequencing confirmed that ATCC 49418 harbors both 16S rRNA sequences. Microarray experiments showed that 11 of 14 strains from genetic Lineage I harbor both the CSF 259-93 and ATCC 49418 16S rRNA sequence variants, whereas all 15 Lineage II strains were only positive for the CSF 259-93 sequence (p < 0.0001). Elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance were most closely associated with the latter strains (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.024, respectively). These data support the hypothesis that F. psychrophilum is composed of at least 2 distinct genetic lineages that are closely associated with host origin. KEY WORDS: 16S rRNA · Flavobacterium psychrophilum · Bacterial coldwater disease · Elastin hydrolysis · Microarray hybridization · Tetracycline resistance Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 65: [209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216] 2005 In general, Flavobacterium psychrophilum strains are biochemically homogeneous, with the exception of some variation in the presence or absence of caseinases, gelatinases, and elastases (Bertolini et al. 1994, Lorenzen et al. 1997, Madetoja et al. 2001. Not all strains of F. psychrophilum are capable of causing the same degree of disease (Holt 1987, Madetoja et al. 2002, LaFrentz et al. 2003 and they can be antigenically diverse (Evensen & Lorenzen 1996, Crump et al. 2001, Madetoja et al. 2002. Immunization with killed cells of one strain does not necessarily convey protective immunity from infection by other strains (Holt et al. 1989, Obach & Laurencin 1991.Genetic variation has been assessed between strains using ribotyping, plasmid profiles, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and PCR-RFLP of specific gene fragments (Chakroun et al. 1997, Chakroun et al. 1998, Madetoja et al. 2001, Izumi et al. 2003. Studies of outbreak strains from Danish trout farms suggest dominance by a single ribotype , Madetoja et al. 2002, but other studies show greater genetic variation across geographic scales (Chakroun et a...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Stress is a significant contributor to disease outbreaks (Holt et al 1989, Groff & LaPatra 2000, Madetoja et al 2000, Iguchi et al 2003. Oxytetracycline is the only treatment approved in the United States, but there are reports of increased antimicrobial resistance among F. psychrophilum isolates (Rangdale et al 1997, Bruun et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance

Soule¹,

LaFrentz²,

Cain³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Daskalov et al (1999) supplemented cytophaga medium with galactose, glucose, rhamnose, and skimmed milk. A significant improvement in growth of F. psychrophilum on cytophaga medium was reported by Rangdale et al (1997) by increasing tryptone tenfold (to 0.5%) and increasing beef extract from 0.02% to 0.05%.…”

Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Kidney tissue can afford a more aseptic sample for primary isolation from clinically diseased fish. Several of the other reported media (Anderson and Conroy, 1969;Holt, 1987;Rangdale et al, 1997) are variations to the recipe of cytophaga medium, while others contrast with the generally accepted requirement for low nutrient concentration. For example, serum (up to 5%) has been incorporated (Lorenzen, 1993;Brown et al, 1997).…”

Section: Renibacterium Salmoninarummentioning

confidence: 99%

General and Specialized Media Routinely Employed for Primary Isolation of Bacterial Pathogens of Fishes

Starliper

2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Injection of brood stock with antibiotics prior to spawning is also possible. A number of different studies with F. psychrophilum have reported on the efficacy of various antibiotics including oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, erythromycin, ormetoprim-sulfadimethoxine, ampicillin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, flumequine, gentamicin, oxolinic acid, sarafloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim [8][9][10][11][12][13]. These studies were primarily standard laboratory tests to determine minimum inhibi-tory concentrations (MIC; [14]) for each antibiotic in Petri dishes and to document increasing resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

Wagner

Oplinger²,

Bartley³

2012

OJAS

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The effect of penicillin-G on Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the cause of bacterial coldwater disease, was evaluated in 15 min and overnight exposures. Separate tests evaluated the effect of increasing doses of penicillin-G to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss eggs, fingerlings, and adults. Rainbow trout eggs were exposed for 1 h to penicillin doses of 0, 250, 500, 1000, 10,000, 50,000, or 100,000 IU/mL. Mean percent hatch ranged from 64.6% to 75.1%, and did not significantly differ among the treatments. Fingerlings were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 µL of 0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10,000, 100,000, or 500,000 IU/mL. Probit analysis resulted in a LD 10 (lethal dose for 10% of injected fish) of 52,868 IU/mL (95% confidence limits: 31,522 -69,490 IU/mL) and a LD 50 of 131,466 IU/mL (113,095 -157,878 IU/mL). Brood stock were injected (i.p.) with 200 µL of penicillin at concentrations of 0 (control), 10,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000, 400,000, or 800,000 IU/mL. Mortality ranged from 0% to 7% (50,000 IU/mL treatment) and did not significantly differ among treatments. In 28 h exposure tests, penicillin concentrations of ≥ 333 IU/mL were required to completely suppress growth of F. psychrophilum. In 15 min exposures, ≥ 10,000 IU/mL were needed to achieve the same result. Tests indicated that rainbow trout eggs can tolerate 1 h exposures to penicillin-G concentrations as high as 100,000 IU/mL, and that brood fish can tolerate injections of at least 800,000 IU/mL. Fingerling data however, suggested that injection of doses greater than 10,000 IU/mL can be toxic. The data suggests rainbow trout eggs or brood can tolerate high doses of penicillin-G that could be used for controlling the transfer of F. psychrophilum to hatcheries receiving eggs.

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Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial compounds against Flavobacterium psychrophilum the causal agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS)

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance

Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance

General and Specialized Media Routinely Employed for Primary Isolation of Bacterial Pathogens of Fishes

Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

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Minimum inhibitory concentrations of selected antimicrobial compounds against Flavobacterium psychrophilum the causal agent of rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS)

Cited by 62 publications

References 9 publications

Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance

Polymorphisms in 16S rRNA genes of Flavobacterium psychrophilum correlate with elastin hydrolysis and tetracycline resistance

General and Specialized Media Routinely Employed for Primary Isolation of Bacterial Pathogens of Fishes

Penicillin-G: Efficacy against &lt;i&gt;Flavobacterium psychrophilum&lt;/i&gt; and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout

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Penicillin-G: Efficacy against <i>Flavobacterium psychrophilum</i> and evaluation of lethal dose limits for rainbow trout