Minimum propagation diameter and thickness of high explosives

Petel, Oren E.; Mack, David B.; Higgins, Andrew; Turcotte, Richard; Chan, Sek Kwan

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2007.05.007

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The detonation pressure can be obtained by adopting the calibrated relationship between voltage and pressure. The detonation velocities of the aluminized explosives were measured by the ionization probe method [25] in accordance with the Chinese Military Standard (GJB772A-97 702.1). The experimental arrangement is shown in Figure 2.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives

Xiang

Rong

2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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Abstract:The detonation performances of TNT-, RDX-, HMX-, and RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives were examined through detonation experiments. The detonation pressure, velocity, and heat of detonation of the four groups of aluminized explosives were measured. Reliability verification was conducted for the experimental results and for those calculated with an empirical formula and the KHT code. The test results on detonation pressures and velocities were in good agreement with the predicted values when aluminum (Al) particles were considered inert. The experimental heat of detonation values exhibited good consistency with the predicted values when a certain proportion of Al particles was active. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) can effectively reduce the detonation pressure and improve the heat of detonation for the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosive. A comparison of the current test results and literature data shows that errors may exist in early test data. The test data presented in this study allow for an improved understanding of the detonation performance of the four groups of aluminized explosives.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives

Xiang

Rong

2016

Cent. Eur. J. Energ. Mater.

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“…[9] Their form for diameter effect data can be applied to films of effectively infinite width by substituting radius with thickness: [1,2,10] …”

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detonation failure experiments are typically conducted in a cylindrical geometry owing to symmetry considerations as well as fabrication considerations of the confining tube and cylindrical explosive pellets that make up the charge. Departures from cylindrical geometries include the two-dimensional slab configuration, [1,2] and the three-dimensional wedge configuration. [3,4] In a slab configuration, detonation losses to confinement arising from varying width-to-thickness ratio are specific to each explosive; with increasing ratio resulting in an eventual symmetry increase from a three-dimensional charge to a two-dimensional "infinite" slab.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geometry effects on detonation in vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB)

Tappan¹,

Wixom²,

Knepper³

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Physical vapor deposition is a technique that can be used to produce explosive films with controlled geometry and microstructure. Films of the high explosive hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB) were deposited by vacuum thermal evaporation. HNAB deposits in an amorphous state that crystallizes over time into a polycrystalline material with high density and a consistent porosity distribution. In previous work, we evaluated detonation critical thickness in HNAB films in an effectively infinite slab geometry with insignificant side losses. In this work, the effect of geometry on detonation failure was investigated by performing experiments on films with different thicknesses, while also changing lateral dimensions such that side losses became significant. The experimental failure thickness was determined to be 75.5 μm and 71.6 μm, for 400 μm and 1600 μm wide HNAB lines, respectively. It follows from this that the minimum width to achieve detonation behavior representing an infinite slab configuration is greater than 400 μm.

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“…Critical detonation thickness within explosives is analogous to the more commonly described critical diameter [1,2]. Despite its widespread use, there has been no literature on critical detonation phenomena in high-density pure PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) until recently when vapor deposition of PETN allowed sufficiently small samples to be made [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films

Tappan

Knepper

Wixom

et al. 2012

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. The use of physical vapor deposition is an attractive technique to produce microenergetic samples to study sub-millimeter explosive behavior. Films of the high explosive PETN (pentaerythritol tetranitrate) were deposited through vacuum thermal sublimation. Deposition conditions were varied to understand the effect of substrate cooling capacity and substrate temperature during deposition. PETN films were characterized with surface profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Detonation velocity versus PETN film thickness was analyzed using a variation of the standard form for analysis of the diameter effect. Results were compared with previous work conducted on PETN films deposited with lower substrate cooling capacity. Seemingly subtle variations in PETN deposition conditions led to differences in detonation behaviors such as critical thickness for detonation, detonation velocity at "infinite" thickness, and the shape of the critical thickness curves.

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Minimum propagation diameter and thickness of high explosives

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives

Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives

Geometry effects on detonation in vapor-deposited hexanitroazobenzene (HNAB)

Critical detonation thickness in vapor-deposited pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) films

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