Minireview on Layered Transition Metal Oxides Synthesis Using Coprecipitation for Sodium Ion Batteries Cathode Material: Advances and Perspectives

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as an excellent alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) among various types of available batteries. Sodium-ion has the advantages of substantial natural abundance, low cost, and nearly similar physiochemical and electrochemical properties as lithium-ion. The cathode is vital in determining the cost and increasing the specific energy, cycling life, and overall performance of SIBs. The excellent electrochemical performance of a battery lies in the material science involved in its creation. For grid-scale energy storage at the commercial level, scale-up and engineering aspects are of at most importance. This review offers a brief overview of layered transition metal oxide (LTMO) synthesis via coprecipitation reaction, characterization techniques used for analysis, and hydrodynamic study as an effect of impeller type and scale-up aspects from a chemical engineering point of view for SIBs.

Ni-rich layered cathodes in sodium-ion batteries: perspectives or déjà vu?

“…22 In fact, coprecipitation synthesis is a prominent approach for NaTMO fabrication owing to its scalability, capacity to achieve homogeneous distribution of transition metal ions, minimal impurities, and precise control over particle morphology, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. 23 Particularly for grid-scale energy storage at the commercial scale, considerations of scale-up and engineering aspects are paramount. 23 On the other hand, it is important to note that both coprecipitation and sol–gel methods are used to prepare cathode active material precursors.…”

“…23 Particularly for grid-scale energy storage at the commercial scale, considerations of scale-up and engineering aspects are paramount. 23 On the other hand, it is important to note that both coprecipitation and sol–gel methods are used to prepare cathode active material precursors. These methods require additional post-reaction steps to produce the final product.…”

“…For instance, after the co-precipitation reaction, post-processing techniques such as filtration, precipitate drying, sodiation, and calcination are necessary. 23…”

A two-step method to prepare P2-type layered oxide materials for stable sodium-ion batteries via a precursor and sintering temperature control

“…17 However, these electrode materials generally exhibit three major drawbacks: irreversible phase transitions, 18 storage instability, 19 and insufficient battery performance. 20 To overcome the challenges faced by layered metal oxide cathode materials, various synthesis strategies can be employed to address them. A range of methods for synthesizing positive active materials for SIBs have been reported including solid-state synthesis, sol–gel synthesis, and co-precipitation.…”