Minkowski Island and Crossbar Fractal Microstrip Antennas for Broadband Applications

Abstract

Abstract:The paper presents microstrip patch antennas, which are based on the fractal antenna concept, and use planar periodic geometries, providing improved characteristics. The properties of the fractal structure were used in a single-fractal layer design as well as in a design, which employs fractals on both the upper and bottom layers of the antenna. The final structure, i.e., a double-fractal layer antenna has been optimized to enhance bandwidth and gain of the microstrip antenna. The proposed geometry significantly improved antenna performance. The antenna could support an ultra-wide bandwidth ranging from 4.1 to 19.4 GHz, demonstrating higher gain with an average value of 6 dBi over the frequency range, and a radiation capability directed in the horizontal plane of the antenna.

Primality, Fractality, and Image Analysis

“…In fact, comparison of Table 1 and Figure 1 (top) shows clearly the presence of the Minkowski island, a variant of the Minkowski curve built on a square. For more details on the Minkowski curve we refer the reader to [26] and the references given there. The lack of some symmetries in Figure 1 (top) might be interpreted as the introduction of randomness in the Minkowski island.…”

Fractal Antennas: An Historical Perspective

“…Small square loops at the four corners of the Minkowski loop resulted in parallel resonance, thereby generating passband, whereas absorptive bands were generated by series resonance of small loops, large loops, and the resistors. Interesting future lines combine fractals with metamaterials for improving the performance of antennas such the application shown in using a Minkowski patch antenna [94]. The unusual behavior of metamaterial (such as negative permeability, permittivity, etc.)…”

High-Gain Waveguide-Fed Circularly Polarized Spidron Fractal Aperture Antenna

“…Among the currently available resonant apertures, the fractal aperture is a good candidate. With space-filling and self-similarity properties, fractal geometries have been applied extensively in antenna engineering [2,3]. Therefore, fractal aperture antennas with a waveguide feeder have also attracted much attention [4].…”