MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test

Pacini, Giovanni; Bergman, Richard N.

doi:10.1016/0169-2607(86)90106-9

Cited by 664 publications

(463 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Haplotype associations were tested using HaploView 3.2 and adjusted p values determined by permutation tests. Insulin sensitivity (S I ) was calculated using either the MinMod program from intravenous glucose tolerance test data [18], or for subjects studied in Arkansas, the MinMod Millenium program [19]. Acute insulin response to glucose (AIR G ) was determined from the mean 2 min -10 min excursion over baseline in the Utah study, or as the area under curve taken from the MinMod Millenium output for Arkansas studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Craig

Chu

Elbein

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

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Serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently described as a new adipokine that reduced peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. The RBP4 gene maps to 10q23-24, near a region linked to T2DM in Caucasian and Mexican American populations. Hence, sequence variants that alter RBP4 expression or function could increase T2DM susceptibility and reduce insulin sensitivity. We screened the 6 exons, flanking intronic sequence, and 5' and 3' flanking sequences in 48 Caucasian and 48 African American subjects. We identified 21 SNPs, of which 8 were unique to the African American population. Additional public database SNPs were chosen for regions not screened. We selected SNPs for typing based on frequency, linkage disequilibrium, and location in a putative functional or conserved region. We typed 10 SNPs in 191 Caucasians with T2DM and a family history of T2DM, and 188 euglycemic controls with no family history of diabetes. We similarly typed 14 variants in 182 controls and 353 diabetic individuals of African American ancestry. No single variant was associated with type 2 diabetes in either population (p>0.15 in African Americans, p>0.09 in Caucasians), but a haplotype of 8 common SNPs in Caucasians was significantly increased in type 2 diabetics compared with controls (0.137 vs 0.076, p=0.008). Furthermore, SNPs -804 and +9476 were associated with reduced insulin secretion, (p=0.01 and 0.001, respectively), and SNP +390 with reduced insulin sensitivity (p=0.0005) in Caucasians. Our data suggest that noncoding SNPs may increase diabetes susceptibility in Caucasians and may contribute to insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Craig

Chu

Elbein

2007

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

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“…Only water was permitted between 2000 hours and testing the next day. At B0630 [18][19][20] SI represents the glucose clearance rate per unit of insulin increase with clearance resulting from either increased peripheral glucose uptake or decrease hepatic glucose production. AIRg reflects the first phase endogenous insulin secretion (within the first 10 min) in response to the glucose infusion, and DI (SI Â AIRg) provides an estimate of b-cell function.…”

Section: Inpatient Visitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell function during puberty in overweight Hispanic children with a family history of type 2 diabetes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To examine cross-sectional differences in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and b-cell function during puberty in overweight Hispanic boys and girls with a family history of type 2 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional, observational study included 214 8-13-y-old Hispanic children with a BMI percentile Z85th percentile and family history of type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND ANALYSES: Participants underwent a physical examination, body composition measures, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and frequently-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Unadjusted and adjusted general linear models (GLM) tested whether insulin/glucose dynamics differed by Tanner stage and gender. RESULTS: Unadjusted group comparisons showed that fasting insulin increased whereas insulin sensitivity (SI) and the disposition index (DI) (a measure of pancreatic b-cell function) decreased across Tanner stage groups (all Po0.05). No differences in the acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), fasting glucose or 2-h glucose were found. After adjusting for covariates, there was no independent effect of Tanner stage on SI (P ¼ 0.9) or AIRg (P ¼ 0.2), but DI was slightly lower in later Tanner stages suggesting decreased b-cell function in the more mature groups (P ¼ 0.10). CONCLUSIONS: Overweight Hispanic children with a family history of type 2 diabetes may represent a unique population given that pubertal insulin resistance was not evident once analyses controlled for body composition. Longitudinal analyses are required to determine whether the slightly diminished b-cell function in later Tanner stages plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

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“…The effect of an increment in plasma insulin to enhance the fractional net disappearance of glucose from the extracellular compartment of glucose distribution is represented by S I . The insulin sensitivity index calculated from the insulin-modified FSIVGTT using the Minimal Model approach (MinMod 2.0) [13,17]. Homeostasis model assessment %S was assessed from fasting plasma glucose and insulin (mean of three baseline samples taken at 5 min intervals) and 2-h CIGMA %S from achieved plasma glucose and insulin (mean of 3 samples at 110, 115, and 120 min).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of insulin sensitivity tests across a range of glucose tolerance from normal to diabetes

et al. 1999

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Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus result from different contributions of deficient insulin secretion and impaired insulin sensitivity [1±8]. Routine quantification of these abnormalities is rarely done as simple, user friendly methods have not been validated or received general approval [9,10]. The choice of therapy might depend on the causative pathophysiology in a patient and, with the prospect of insulin-sensitising drugs as well as life-style changes to improve insulin sensitivity, routine assessment of insulin sensitivity might become more appropriate than at present [11, Diabetologia (1999) AbstractAims/hypothesis. Adequate comparison of the relative performance of insulin sensitivity tests is not yet available. We compared the discrimination of four insulin sensitivity tests, commonly used in vivo, across a range of glucose tolerance. Methods. Normal (n = 7), impaired glucose tolerant (n = 8) and Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects (n = 9) had in random order two tests from the following: frequently sampled insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT-MinMod); homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and 2-h continuous infusion of glucose with model assessment (CIGMA) with immunoreactive or specific insulin; short insulin tolerance tests (ITT). The discriminatory power of tests was assessed by the ratio of the within-subject standard deviation to the underlying between-subject standard deviation (discriminant ratio ± DR). The degree to which tests measured the same variable was assessed by comparing rank correlation with the maximum expected correlation given the imprecision of the tests. The unbiased lines of equivalence taking into account the precision of tests were constructed.Results. Reciprocal fasting plasma insulin (FPI ±1 ), HOMA %S and 2-h CIGMA %S, had similar DRs with ITT being less informative. The FSIVGTT-MinMod analysis was able to assess 13 out of 24 subjects and had a performance similar to ITT. Using specific rather than immunoreactive insulin for HOMA-CIG-MA did not improve the DR. Reciprocal fasting plasma insulin FPI ±1 , HOMA %S, 2-h CIGMA %S and S I FSIVGTT intercorrelated more than 90 % of the expected rank correlation given the imprecision of the tests, but ITT gave only limited correlation. Conclusion/interpretation. The HOMA-CIGMA test with immunoreactive insulin provides similar information in distinguishing insulin sensitivity between subjects with normal glucose tolerance, those with impaired glucose tolerance and those with Type II diabetes as does FSIVGTT, whereas ITT is less informative. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 678±687]

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MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test

Cited by 664 publications

References 17 publications

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Retinol binding protein 4 as a candidate gene for type 2 diabetes and prediabetic intermediate traits

Insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell function during puberty in overweight Hispanic children with a family history of type 2 diabetes

Comparison of insulin sensitivity tests across a range of glucose tolerance from normal to diabetes

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