Minnesota highway maintenance worker study: Cancer mortality

Bender, Alan P.; Parker, David L.; Johnson, Rebecca A.; Scharber, Wendy; Williams, Allan N.; Marbury, Marian C.; Mandel, Jack S.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700150507

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Case-control studies that were nested within cohort studies are discussed in the section on cohort studies of this review. All cohort studies discussed in the IARC report were included in our review, although some studies are not discussed in detail (Menck & Henderson 1976;Bender et al 1989;Van Den Eeden & Friedman 1993;Boffetta et al 1988Boffetta et al , 2001Birdsey et al 2010).…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

Möhner

Wendt

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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In 2012, a working group of the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified diesel exhaust (DE) as a human carcinogen (Group 1). This decision was primarily based on the findings of the Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study (DEMS). The disparity between the results of various methodological approaches applied to the DEMS led to several critical commentaries. An expert panel was subsequently set up by the Health Effects Institute to evaluate the DEMS results, together with a large study in the trucking industry. The panel concluded that both studies provided a useful basis for quantitative risk assessments (QRAs) of DE exposure. However, the results of both studies were non-definitive as the studies suffer from several methodological shortcomings. We conducted a critical review of the studies used by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group to evaluate the relationship between DE and lung cancer. The aim was to assess whether the available studies support the statement of a causal relationship and, secondarily if they could be used for QRA. Our review highlights several methodological flaws in the studies, amongst them overadjustment bias, selection bias, and confounding bias. The conclusion from our review is that the currently published studies provide little evidence for a definite causal link between DE exposure and lung cancer risk. Based on two studies in miners, the DEMS and the German Potash Miners study, QRA may be conducted. However, the DEMS data should be reanalyzed in advance to avoid bias that affects the presently published risk estimates.

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Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Minnesota Highway Maintenance Worker Study (Bender et al 1989) lacks detailed information on lung cancer mortality. The lung cancer SMR was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.90).…”

Section: Excluded Cohort Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

Möhner

Wendt

2017

Critical Reviews in Toxicology

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“…252 Several cohort, case-control and proportionate mortality studies have found no significant association of risk of multiple myeloma with exposure to diesel exhaust and/or engine exhaust, or occupations with the potential for such exposure. 28,43,89,90,116,[253][254][255][256][257][258][259] In an analysis of cancer mortality among women employed in ''fast-growing'' US occupations, a significantly elevated cancer-PMR was reported among teachers (PMR 5 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43). 260 Breslin et al 261 reported inverse associations for army (PMR 5 0.77, 95% CI: 0.23-2.53) and marine (PMR 5 0.45, 95% CI: 0.01-17.13) personnel serving in the Vietnam War.…”

Section: Other Occupational and Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

et al. 2007

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Multiple myeloma, a neoplasm of plasma cells, accounts for 15% of lymphatohematopoietic cancers (LHC) and 2% of all cancers in the US. Incidence rates increase with age, particularly after age 40, and are higher in men, particularly African American men. The etiology is unknown with no established lifestyle, occupational or environmental risk factors. Although several factors have been implicated as potentially etiologic, findings are inconsistent. We reviewed epidemiologic studies that evaluated lifestyle, dietary, occupational and environmental factors; immune function, family history and genetic factors; and the hypothesized precursor, monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS). Because multiple myeloma is an uncommon disease, etiologic assessments can be difficult because of small numbers of cases in occupational cohort studies, and few subjects reporting exposure to specific agents in case-control studies. Elevated risks have been reported consistently among persons with a positive family history of LHC. A few studies have reported a relationship between obesity and multiple myeloma, and this may be a promising area of research. Factors underlying higher incidence rates of multiple myeloma in African Americans are not understood. The progression from MGUS to multiple myeloma has been reported in several studies; however, there are no established risk factors for MGUS. To improve our understanding of the causes of multiple myeloma, future research efforts should seek the causes of MGUS. More research is also needed on the genetic factors of multiple myeloma, given the strong familial clustering of the disease. ' 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: multiple myeloma; epidemiology Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cells that results in an overproduction of light and heavy chain monoclonal immunoglobulins. The specific immunoglobulin secreted by the malignant cell is the M-protein, named in reference to its monoclonal characteristics. It is found in the serum and/or urine of persons affected with multiple myeloma.

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“…In addition, recent studies of U.S. highway maintenance workers demonstrate an excess risk of leukemia (31) and lymphopoietic cancer (32). Bender et al, who conducted the Minnesota Department of Transportation study (32) In response to my letter to The Lancet (6), Fleming (9) published a letter presenting analyses of peripheral blood counts among: adolescent boys and young men in Nigeria who inhale and swallow petrol while siphoning as "unofficial vendors" of petrol and heavy oil, motor mechanics employed in small workshops who use petrol as a solvent, official petrol pump attendants, and controls who were not exposed professionally to petroleum.…”

Section: Subsequent Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

State of the science on the carcinogenicity of gasoline with particular reference to cohort mortality study results.

Infante

1993

Environ Health Perspect

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As a result of the content of benzene in various streams of refinery products, including gasoline, it is not surprising that over the years studies and case reports have linked gasoline exposure to lymphopoietic cancers (LPC), particularly leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM). Of three recently conducted studies of gasoline-exposed workers, one shows strong associations with leukemia and MM, a second suggests some association with leukemia and did not analyze data for MM, and the third study is not possible to evaluate because of a major problem with study design. Other diseases of particular interest in relation to gasoline exposure are kidney cancer, malignant melanoma, and heart disease. One study suggests an association with kidney cancer, but the second study did not. There appears to be no association between employment in refineries or gasoline exposure and heart disease. However, evaluation of risk of kidney cancer and heart disease is somewhat difficult because investigators did not control for cigarette smoking, even though it is related to these diseases. This is of particular concern when studying gasoline-exposed workers, who because of the explosive nature of gasoline probably smoke less than the general population used for comparison of mortality. Some studies of refinery workers and gasoline-exposed workers in particular show an excess risk of death from malignant melanoma. Whether this latter association is the result of benzene/gasoline exposure, sunlight exposure, or a combination of the two cannot be determined with the data currently available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Minnesota highway maintenance worker study: Cancer mortality

Cited by 57 publications

References 34 publications

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

A critical review of the relationship between occupational exposure to diesel emissions and lung cancer risk

Multiple myeloma: A review of the epidemiologic literature

State of the science on the carcinogenicity of gasoline with particular reference to cohort mortality study results.

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