Minocycline combination therapy with fluvoxamine in moderate‐to‐severe obsessive–compulsive disorder: <scp>A</scp> placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial

Esalatmanesh, Sophia; Abrishami, Zahra; Zeinoddini, Atefeh; Rahiminejad, Fatemeh; Sadeghi, M R; Najarzadegan, Mohammadreza; Shalbafan, Mohammadreza; Akhondzadeh, Shahin

doi:10.1111/pcn.12430

Cited by 55 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…These results are consistent with the cytokine levels found in OCD patients, as activated microglia produce IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α [11,181]. This could explain the effectiveness of minocycline, which reduces microglia activation [185], as another OCD treatment in Reference [137], and highlights the importance for precision medicine to consider immunological etiological factors.…”

Section: Conclusion: Future Lines Of Research For Etiological Immsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Minocycline, a specific antibiotic, is particularly interesting because of its action on microglia (see below). Minocycline was studied as a potential new pharmacological treatment for OCD, and the results were mixed: one study found that minocycline could be a good adjunctive treatment to classical OCD treatment with SSRIs [137], but another one did not find this result [138] (Table 5). Another antibiotic, cefdinir, was studied, but it showed no effectiveness on the CY-BOCS scores when compared to a placebo [171].…”

Section: Alternative Treatments For Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individualized Immunological Data for Precise Classification of OCD Patients

et al. 2018

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Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) affects about 2% of the general population, for which several etiological factors were identified. Important among these is immunological dysfunction. This review aims to show how immunology can inform specific etiological factors, and how distinguishing between these etiologies is important from a personalized treatment perspective. We found discrepancies concerning cytokines, raising the hypothesis of specific immunological etiological factors. Antibody studies support the existence of a potential autoimmune etiological factor. Infections may also provoke OCD symptoms, and therefore, could be considered as specific etiological factors with specific immunological impairments. Finally, we underline the importance of distinguishing between different etiological factors since some specific treatments already exist in the context of immunological factors for the improvement of classic treatments.

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Section: Conclusion: Future Lines Of Research For Etiological Immsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Alternative Treatments For Ocdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized Immunological Data for Precise Classification of OCD Patients

et al. 2018

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“…Of these patients, 7 were also taking concurrent medications (4 patients were taking brotizolam, and 3 were taking other benzodiazepines), and 2 were medicated with low dosages (100-150 mg) of sulpiride only between T1 and T2. All of the patients were screened with the DSM-IV criteria for a unipolar MDD diagnosis, using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Structural Interview (MINI) [16,17]. No patient had current or past bipolar disorder or schizophrenia episodes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted Brain Activation and Deactivation Pattern during Semantic Verbal Fluency Task in Patients with Major Depression

Takamura

Okamoto²,

Okada³

et al. 2016

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibit cognitive impairment, and evidence suggests that the semantic version of the verbal fluency task is a reliable cognitive marker of the disorder. Here, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated the dysfunction of neural processing in acute depression and examined the effects of a 6-week pharmacological intervention. Methods: Sixteen patients with MDD participated in 2 fMRI sessions, and 16 healthy control (HC) subjects participated in 1 fMRI session. During each fMRI session, the participants performed a semantic verbal fluency task. Brain activity during the task was compared between groups (MDD 1st fMRI vs. HC) and times (MDD 1st fMRI vs. 2nd fMRI). Results: Significant brain hypoactivation was observed in MDD patients at the prefrontal, lateral parietal, and limbic regions compared to HC, and MDD patients exhibited hyperactivation at the left precuneus compared to HC. Hypoactivity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and hyperactivity of the precuneus were normalized with treatment. Conclusions: Hypoactivation of the left DLPFC and hyperactivation of the precuneus should be considered as dysregulation of anticorrelated brain networks during a cognitive demanding task. This failure of network regulation may be an important factor in the pathophysiology of MDD.

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“…In animals, altered anxiety‐related social behaviors have been observed and associated with amygdala hyperactivity (implicated in ASD and social anxiety disorder; Stilling et al, ). Potential therapeutic benefits of antibiotics have also been observed in psychiatric conditions including ASD (Sandler et al, ), OCD (Esalatmanesh et al, ; Rodriguez et al, ), and depression (Miyaoka et al, ; Molina‐Hernández, Tellez‐Alcántara, Pérez‐García, Olivera‐Lopez, & Jaramillo‐Jaimes, ). However, previous antibiotic exposure has also been associated with risk for anxiety and depression (Köhler‐Forsberg et al, ; Lurie, Yang, Haynes, Mamtani, & Boursi, ).…”

Section: What Can Alter the Gut Microbiome?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiome in psychiatry: A primer for clinicians

et al. 2019

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Research in the past decade has shown that variations in the gut microbiome may influence behavior, and vice versa. As such, interest in the role of the gut microbiome in psychiatric conditions has drawn immense interest. This is evidenced by the recent surge in published studies examining microbial dysbiosis in clinical psychiatric populations, particularly autism spectrum disorder and depression. However, critical examination of these studies reveals methodological flaws in design and execution, suggesting that they may not be held to the same standards as other bodies of clinical research. Given the complex nature of the gut microbiome, this narrative review attempts to clarify concepts critical to effectively examine its potential role in psychopathology to appropriately inform mental health researchers. More specifically, the numerous variables known to affect the gut microbiome are discussed, including inflammation, diet, weight, and medications. A comprehensive review of the extant microbiome literature in clinical psychiatric populations is also provided, in addition to clinical implications and suggestions for future directions of research. Although there is a clear need for additional studies to elucidate the gut microbiome's role in psychiatric disorders, there is an even greater need for well-designed, appropriately controlled studies to truly impact the field.

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Minocycline combination therapy with fluvoxamine in moderate‐to‐severe obsessive–compulsive disorder: A placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomized trial

Abstract: The results of this study suggest that minocycline could be a tolerable and effective adjuvant in the management of patients with OCD.

Cited by 55 publications

References 55 publications

Individualized Immunological Data for Precise Classification of OCD Patients

Individualized Immunological Data for Precise Classification of OCD Patients

Disrupted Brain Activation and Deactivation Pattern during Semantic Verbal Fluency Task in Patients with Major Depression

The gut microbiome in psychiatry: A primer for clinicians

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