Minor Physical Anomalies and Behavior in Preschool Children

Waldrop, Mary F.; Pedersen, Frank A.; Bell, Richard Q.

doi:10.2307/1126953

Cited by 216 publications

(100 citation statements)

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“…Studies show that using composite measures of several anatomical markers and not multiple measurements of the same structure better reflects underlying DI (Gangestad et al, 2001). Further studies might use a wider range of markers than those used here, such as FA of the elbows, wrists, ankles, feet, and ears, and MPAs, such as those traditionally examined with the Waldrop scale (Waldrop & Halverson, 1971). The sample restriction to right-handed individuals may have biased against finding effects of DI, insofar as non-right handedness is a putative indicator of DI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmental Instability Is Associated With Neurocognitive Performance in Heterosexual and Homosexual Men, but Not in Women.

Rahman¹,

Wilson²,

Abrahams³

2004

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Little is known about the neurodevelopmental nature of human cognitive abilities. This investigation presents evidence consistent with a hypothesis that interindividual and within-sex cognitive variations are associated with vulnerabilities to environmental sources of developmental stress. A large sample of healthy heterosexual and homosexual men and women (N ϭ 240) completed a series of visuospatial and verbal tests. A composite fluctuating asymmetry (FA) measure was computed from the lengths of the finger digits. In heterosexual men, higher FA scores were associated with poorer line orientation judgment; and in homosexual men, with poorer verbal fluency and perceptual speed. No associations were found in heterosexual or homosexual women. These results suggest that developmental instability is linked to neurocognitive integrity in men, but not in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Developmental Instability Is Associated With Neurocognitive Performance in Heterosexual and Homosexual Men, but Not in Women.

Rahman¹,

Wilson²,

Abrahams³

2004

Behavioral Neuroscience

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“…10 The original scale includes 18 morphological abnormalities from six body regions: head, eyes, ears, mouth, hands, and feet. Most of the abnormalities were scored qualitatively as present (1) or absent (0).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarker Profile of Minor Physical Anomalies in Schizophrenia Patients

Akabaliev

Sivkov²,

Mantarkov³

et al. 2011

Folia Medica

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AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and topographical distribution of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenia patients and control subjects, and the ability of the items of the Waldrop scale to predict the patient-control status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 128 schizophrenic patients (66 men, 62 women) and 103 normal controls (49 men, 54 women) were evaluated for MPAs with a modifi ed version of the Waldrop scale. RESULTS: Compared with controls, schizophrenia patients showed a higher incidence of almost all studied MPAs, differences being statistically signifi cant for 12 items: fi ne electric hair, abnormal hair whorls, epicanthus, adherent ear-lobes, lower edges of the ears extending backward/upward, malformed ears, asymmetrical ears, high/arched palate, furrowed tongue, smooth/rough spots on the tongue, III toe ≥ II toe, big gap between I and II toe. Some anomalies occurred with almost equal frequency in schizophrenic patients and controls, while others were more than 10 times more common in patients (odds ratio: 0.62 -10.55). The distribution frequency of MPAs in schizophrenia tended to increase in the cranial direction. Nine predictor MPA biomarkers successfully distinguished 81.10% of patients, 81.55% of controls, and 81.30% of all examined subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The elevated incidence of MPA biomarkers in schizophrenia patients implies impaired neurodevelopment that increases the risk for the development of schizophrenia. The pattern of changes in the morphological characteristics suggests they may be a random outcome of a general neurodevelopmental defect or may refl ect different neurodevelopmental defects that allow better characterization of schizophrenia patients subgroups.

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“…In the vast majority of studies, the Waldrop scale (or some variant thereof) has been used to assess MPAs in schizophrenia (Waldrop et al, 1968;Waldrop and Halverson, 1971). At best, this scale is a heterogeneous suite of physical features that span a wide range of developmental time points and vary considerably in their etiological relevance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Weinberg

Jenkins

Marazita

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

112

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Numerous studies report an increased frequency of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenic individuals compared with controls. However, these studies vary considerably regarding the magnitude of the case-control disparity and the topographical distribution of the anomalies. A meta-analysis was carried out on the existing MPA literature in an effort to better understand the relationship between MPAs and schizophrenia. Following a literature search, 13 studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria. Mean total MPA scores were available for 11 of these studies, whereas only seven studies provided regional MPA scores. For both the total MPA and regional MPA analyses, pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g and pooled odds ratios, respectively) were calculated along with tests of heterogeneity. For the total MPA analyses, a meta-regression approach was used to explore the relationship between possible moderator variables (e.g., number of MPA scale items) and effect size heterogeneity. The magnitude of the pooled effect size for the total MPA scores was high (1.131; p < 0.001), indicating significantly more overall MPAs in schizophrenic individuals. Significant effect size heterogeneity was present (p < 0.001); however, this heterogeneity could not be explained by any of the included moderator variables. The regional MPA analysis revealed significantly increased MPAs in all six anatomical regions (p < 0.05), although the pooled odds ratios for these regions did not differ significantly from one another. These results suggest a lack of regional specificity for MPAs in schizophrenia.

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Minor Physical Anomalies and Behavior in Preschool Children

Cited by 216 publications

References 0 publications

Developmental Instability Is Associated With Neurocognitive Performance in Heterosexual and Homosexual Men, but Not in Women.

Developmental Instability Is Associated With Neurocognitive Performance in Heterosexual and Homosexual Men, but Not in Women.

Biomarker Profile of Minor Physical Anomalies in Schizophrenia Patients

Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

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