Minor physical anomalies and neurological soft signs in patients with schizophrenia and their siblings

Evaluation of spontaneous dense array gamma oscillatory activity and minor physical anomalies as a composite neurodevelopmental endophenotype in schizophrenia

“…Of the various family studies reviewed, there are studies that have included only one set of first degree relatives i.e. either siblings (Aksoy‐Poyraz et al, 2011) or parents (Gourion et al, 2004), majority of family studies include parents, siblings and off springs together (Compton et al, 2007; Rass et al, 2012; Bandyopadhyaya et al, 2011). To ensure generalizability of findings we chose to include different categories of first degree relatives taking care of the influence of age as confound.…”

“…The other endophenotype commonly used is neurological soft signs score (Aksoy-Poyraz et al, 2011;Compton et al, 2007;Gourion et al, 2003Gourion et al, , 2004. Other variables used are schizotypy , dermatoglyphic indices (Gabalda and Compton, 2010) and neuropsychological measures (Aksoy-Poyraz et al, 2011). Surprisingly none of these studies, except one (John et al, 2008), analyzed the validity of these measures in classifying the groups.…”

“…MPAs are suggested as an endophenotype on account of the findings that MPAs present more in patients than healthy controls and are state-independent (Compton and Walker, 2009) and increased rates of MPAs are found in unaffected first degree relatives as well (Gassab et al, 2013;Aksoy-Poyraz et al, 2011;Compton et al, 2007;Xu et al, 2011). And recently, there is a suggestion that gamma oscillations might also serve as an intermediate phenotype as it is found to be abnormal in first degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with schizophrenia (Rass et al, 2012;Bandyopadhyaya et al, 2011).…”

Schizophrenia and Human Self-Domestication: An Evolutionary Linguistics Approach

“…Interestingly, well-defined neurocristopathies like velocardiofacial syndrome (OMIM #192430) and DiGeorge syndrome (OMIM #188400) involve schizophrenic features [Mølsted et al, 2010;Zhang et al, 2014;Escot et al, 2016]. Likewise, given the NC derivation of most craniofacial structures, the craniofacial abnormalities observed in SZ are believed to result from disturbances in neuroectodermal development, hence representing putative external biomarkers of atypical brain growth [Compton et al, 2007;Aksoy-Poyraz et al, 2011] and suggesting an additional connection between SZ and domestication at the level of NC functional implications.…”

Minor physical anomalies and craniofacial measures in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia

“…In support of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia (Weinberger, 1987;Murray et al 1992;Rapoport et al 2005;Fatemi & Folsom, 2009), higher rates of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) among individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy controls have been shown in a growing body of literature (Weinberg et al 2007;Compton & Walker, 2009;Huang et al 2009;Aksoy-Poyraz et al 2011;Compton et al 2011;Golembo-Smith et al 2012). MPAs are subtle morphological deviations that are usually determined by the presence of qualitative anomalies in the head, eyes, ears, mouth, hands and feet (Ismail et al 1998).…”