Minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia and their parents: prevalence and pattern of craniofacial abnormalities

Gourion, David; Goldberger, Celine; Bourdel, Marie‐Chantal; Baylé, F.; Lôo, Henri; Krebs, Marie‐Odile

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.06.001

Cited by 80 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Regarding case-control sex ratio, previous studies have reported either excess MPAs in male schizophrenics Akabaliev and Sivkov, 2003;Sivkov and Akabaliev, 2004), excess MPAs in female schizophrenics 1994b;Lal and Sharma, 1987) or no sex differences in MPA frequency McGrath et al, 1995;Akabaliev and Sivkov, 1998;Gourion et al, 2004a;2004b;Joo et al, 2005). The present meta-analysis results fail to support the contention that the gender composition of the case or control group relates to the magnitude of the observed case-control difference in total MPA score.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…The apparent lack of relationship between number of MPA items and effect size observed here suggests that the presence of these additional items may not aid substantially in discriminating cases from controls. Interestingly, these results are supported largely by the findings of both and Gourion et al (2004a), who reported that among MPAs that significantly differentiated cases from controls, the majority were derived from the original Waldrop scale. In light of these findings, it may be worthwhile to reconsider whether an expanded MPA scale is necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Assessment of Total MPA Scores-Of the 13 studies that met our inclusion criteria, 11 provided mean scores for the total set of MPAs in both schizophrenia cases and healthy controls (Gualtieri et al, 1982;Lal and Sharma, 1987;Green et al, 1989;Lohr and Flynn, 1993;Alexander, 1994;Lane et al, 1997;Hata et al, 2003a;Sivkov and Akebaliev, 2003;Gourion et al, 2004a;Joo et al, 2005). For each study, the effect size g (Hedges' g) was calculated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies report a disproportionately high number of MPAs in the craniofacial complex of schizophrenic individuals Lane et al, 1997;Akabaliev and Sivkov, 1998;Akabaliev et al, 2001;Lawrie et al, 2001;Trixler et al, 2001;Elizarrarás-Rivas et al, 2003;Hata et al, 2003a;Gourion et al, 2004a). Anomalies of the mouth region (e.g., palatal anomalies) are often reported to be particularly prevalent McGrath et al, 1994;Lane et al, 1997;Hata et al, 2003a;Gourion et al, 2004a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this analysis, a total of seven studies could be included McGrath et al, 1995;Lawrie et al, 2001;Hata et al, 2003a;Sivkov and Akebaliev, 2003;Gourion et al, 2004a) because they were the only studies that provided raw counts for MPAs. Per region odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for each study in the following manner:…”

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Weinberg

Jenkins

Marazita

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

112

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Numerous studies report an increased frequency of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in schizophrenic individuals compared with controls. However, these studies vary considerably regarding the magnitude of the case-control disparity and the topographical distribution of the anomalies. A meta-analysis was carried out on the existing MPA literature in an effort to better understand the relationship between MPAs and schizophrenia. Following a literature search, 13 studies were identified that met our inclusion criteria. Mean total MPA scores were available for 11 of these studies, whereas only seven studies provided regional MPA scores. For both the total MPA and regional MPA analyses, pooled effect sizes (Hedges' g and pooled odds ratios, respectively) were calculated along with tests of heterogeneity. For the total MPA analyses, a meta-regression approach was used to explore the relationship between possible moderator variables (e.g., number of MPA scale items) and effect size heterogeneity. The magnitude of the pooled effect size for the total MPA scores was high (1.131; p < 0.001), indicating significantly more overall MPAs in schizophrenic individuals. Significant effect size heterogeneity was present (p < 0.001); however, this heterogeneity could not be explained by any of the included moderator variables. The regional MPA analysis revealed significantly increased MPAs in all six anatomical regions (p < 0.05), although the pooled odds ratios for these regions did not differ significantly from one another. These results suggest a lack of regional specificity for MPAs in schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 22mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Weinberg

Jenkins

Marazita

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

112

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Normal values for morphological abnormalities in school children

Merks

Özgen

Cluitmans

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

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Clinical morphology has proven to be a strong tool in the delineation of many syndromes and a helpful instrument in molecular studies. Numerous studies have been performed investigating the prevalence of minor anomalies in various disorders; all concluding that minor anomalies can well be utilized as indicators of altered embryonic differentiation. However, for adequate evaluation, normal values for phenotypic abnormalities are essential. So far, only few studies on the frequency of phenotypic abnormalities in the normal population have been done having one thing in common: all were performed in newborn infants. We studied morphological characteristics in a group of 1,007 school children, representative for the Dutch population, through a body surface examination using detailed definitions for all morphological findings. The region of study and distribution of children over various school types was chosen in such a way that it represented the general Dutch population. The median age of the studied children was 11 years (range 8-14 years), sex ratio (M:F) was 0.93. Nine hundred twentythree children were of Caucasian descent, 84 others of mixed ethnic backgrounds. The reliability of the examinations was tested by independent scoring of 111 children by two observers, showing a kappa score of 0.85. Normal values for the morphological findings are presented together with their age-adjusted classification. These normal values provide a valuable source for validation of classifications of phenotypic abnormalities, especially those that are depending on frequency, that is, minor anomalies and common variants. Furthermore, they will allow a proper evaluation of patterns of phenotypic abnormalities found in patient groups with specific disorders. ß 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Use of Psychotropic Medications and Visits to Psychiatrists and Psychologists among Individuals with Nonsyndromic Oral Clefts: A Population‐Based Cohort Study

Pedersen

Hageman

Wehby

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

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Background Oral clefts (OC) are among the most common congenital malformations and can have a large impact on the life of the affected individual. Research findings regarding the psychological and psychosocial consequences of OC are inconclusive. Methods Using Danish nationwide registers we investigated redeemed prescriptions of psychotropic medication 1996–2012 and visits to psychiatrists and psychologists 1996–2011 among individuals born with non-syndromic OC in Denmark 1936–2009 and a comparison cohort of individuals without OC. This includes 8,244 individuals with OC and 82,665 individuals without OC. Results Cox-regression analysis revealed 12% (95%CI: 7%–16%) increased risk of using any psychotropic medication for individuals with OC. When examining by cleft type, higher risks for medication use were observed in individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) or cleft palate only (CP). The largest increased relative risk was found for use of antipsychotics and stimulants for individuals with CP followed by use of antipsychotics for individuals with CLP. We found increased risk of visits to psychiatrists for individuals with CP and no increased risk for visits to psychologists for either group. Conclusions This study indicates that a small group of individuals with non-syndromic OC, in particular those with palatal involvement, have greater risk of using psychotropic medications. Elevated use was however also observed among younger individuals with cleft lip only. There seems to be only a modest increase in visits to health professionals for psychological reasons. Undiagnosed syndromes, e.g. 22q11 deletion syndrome, may however contribute to an overestimation of the associations.

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Minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia and their parents: prevalence and pattern of craniofacial abnormalities

Cited by 80 publications

References 26 publications

Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis

Normal values for morphological abnormalities in school children

Use of Psychotropic Medications and Visits to Psychiatrists and Psychologists among Individuals with Nonsyndromic Oral Clefts: A Population‐Based Cohort Study

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