Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder and the neurodevelopmental continuum of psychosis

Akabaliev, Valentin H.; Sivkov, Stefan; Mantarkov, Mladen

doi:10.1111/bdi.12211

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This showed that MPAs associated with schizophrenia are commonly found in the craniofacial region. This is in line with previous studies on the topography of MPAs in schizophrenia, 14 , 19–21 and is in support of the relation between early brain and craniofacial development. Minor physical anomalies in the craniofacial area can occur along with structural changes of the cerebrum in the intrauterine life of schizophrenics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

<p>Minor Physical Anomalies Among Schizophrenic Patients as a Biomarker of Its Developmental Origin in Northwest Ethiopia</p>

Tsehay

Shitie

2020

NDT

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Purpose Although there are highly precise and advanced diagnostic methods, the etiology and pathophysiology of schizophrenia remain poorly understood. There are several theories about schizophrenia origin, among which the neurodevelopmental theory is widely accepted. Our study aimed to assess minor physical anomalies among schizophrenic patients as putative indices of its developmental origin in North West Ethiopia 2018–2019. Patients and Methods Institutional-based comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted in Debre Markos comprehensive, specialized hospitals in 190 schizophrenic patients, 190 healthy controls, and 190 1st-degree relatives. Data were collected using standard methods, entered into EpiData version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Descriptive data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and discriminant function analysis was conducted and a value of 0.03 was taken as the cutoff point for prediction of group status of the study samples. Results Five hundred seventy study samples, male 375 (65.8%), and female 195 (34.2%), were included in this study. The discriminate function 1 and 2 revealed a significant association between groups and all predictors, accounting for 83.5% and 16.5% of between-group variability, respectively. However, closer analysis of the structure matrix revealed longitudinally furrowed tongue, ≥Five palate ridges, high steeples palate, transversely and randomly furrowed tongue, protruding supraorbital ridge as significant predictors. Conclusion Depending on predictor variables in this study, minor physical anomalies can serve as a biomarker for early screening of schizophrenic patients and clue for its developmental origin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

<p>Minor Physical Anomalies Among Schizophrenic Patients as a Biomarker of Its Developmental Origin in Northwest Ethiopia</p>

Tsehay

Shitie

2020

NDT

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“…To our knowledge, very few studies have examined MPAs in BD or MDD. In direct comparisons between SCZ and bipolar I disorder, a study by Akabaliev, Sivkov, and Mantarkov () of MPAs rated using the Waldrop scale found intermediate scores in bipolar I disorder, while the highest scores were in SCZ, indicating that bipolar I disorder may occupy an intermediate position between the absence of a mental illness and SCZ. In particular, their study reported no difference in MPAs involving the eyes between patients with BD and controls, but a significant difference between those with SCZ and controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A trend toward smaller optical angles and medial‐ocular distance in schizophrenia spectrum, but not in bipolar and major depressive disorders

Wang

Deng

et al. 2016

PsyCh Journal

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Minor physical anomalies (MPAs) are subtle signs of fetal developmental abnormalities that have been considered to be among the most replicated risk markers for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, quantitative approaches are needed to measure craniofacial MPAs. The present study adopted an imaging-based quantitative approach to examine craniofacial MPAs across the spectrum of schizophrenia and affective disorders, to address their sensitivity and specificity. We sampled 31 patients with schizophrenia, 30 of their unaffected relatives, and 30 individuals with schizotypal personality traits, as well as 37 non-schizotypal controls. We also examined 17 patients with bipolar disorder and 19 patients with major depressive disorder. Five craniofacial MPAs were measured on anterior-posterior commissure-aligned T1-weighted images of an individual's native brain space: medial-ocular distance, lateral-ocular distance, optical angle, maximum skull length, and skull-base width. Compared to non-schizotypal controls, patients with schizophrenia and their relatives showed a trend toward having smaller optical angles and medial-ocular distance, while no difference was found in patients with bipolar or major depressive disorders, suggesting some degree of specificity to schizophrenia. Our approach may benefit future research on craniofacial MPAs as risk markers for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, and may eventually be useful in strategies to enhance risk stratification using multiple risk markers.

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“…For this reason, the case‐control ratio achieved in this study was 1:2.5. Similar, smaller, and larger samples of patients with schizophrenia were previously addressed in the scientific literature. Moreover, in contrast to the present study, specific samples had a control group even smaller than the case group .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia

Mobile

Filla

Sbalqueiro

et al. 2019

Special Care in Dentistry

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Aims:This study aimed to investigate the morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia. Methods and results:An observational case-control study was designed following the STROBE statement and checklist. The sample consisted of 132 patients (39 diagnosed with schizophrenia and 93 controls). Dental casts of the patients were classified based on the pattern of their palatal rugae, their dental arch form, and the area of their palate. The palatal rugae in patients with schizophrenia had a more random distribution and shape compared to the control group (P = .027). Oval dental arches were the most prevalent in both groups (P = .473). The palate area was slightly larger in the control group (3.2318 ± 0.549 mm 2 ) compared with the group of patients with schizophrenia (3.060 ± 0.470 mm 2 ) (P = .090). Conclusion:Palatal rugae pattern may feature as a potential minor physical anomaly for schizophrenia. Additional studies with alternative sampling and classification systems are necessary to understand this finding and its applications in practice. K E Y W O R D Smorphology, palatal rugae, schizophrenia

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Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia and bipolar I disorder and the neurodevelopmental continuum of psychosis

Abstract: Our findings support the existence of a continuum of neurodevelopmental adversity within the clinical spectrum of psychosis, with bipolar I disorder occupying an intermediate position between psychiatric health and schizophrenia.

Cited by 32 publications

References 48 publications

<p>Minor Physical Anomalies Among Schizophrenic Patients as a Biomarker of Its Developmental Origin in Northwest Ethiopia</p>

<p>Minor Physical Anomalies Among Schizophrenic Patients as a Biomarker of Its Developmental Origin in Northwest Ethiopia</p>

A trend toward smaller optical angles and medial‐ocular distance in schizophrenia spectrum, but not in bipolar and major depressive disorders

Morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia

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