Minority stress and sexual partner violence victimization and perpetration among LGBQ+ college students: The moderating roles of hazardous drinking and social support.

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess distal (i.e., stigma consciousness) and proximal (i.e., internalized homophobia, identity concealment) minority stressors as predictors of sexual intimate partner violence (S-IPV) victimization and perpetration among LGBQ+ U.S. college students, as well as the extent to which hazardous alcohol use and social support moderated these relationships. Method: A crosssectional research design was utilized in a sample of LGBQ+ U.S. college students (n = 1,221) across 20 institutions of higher education who completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling with moderation was used to evaluate if the association between minority stressors and S-IPV victimization and perpetration were moderated by hazardous alcohol use and social support. Results: Social support was unrelated to both S-IPV victimization and perpetration. Hazardous alcohol use was related to S-IPV victimization, but not S-IPV perpetration. Whereas minority stress had a direct effect on S-IPV victimization, there were no direct effects of minority stress on S-IPV perpetration. However, at higher levels of hazardous drinking, indicators of minority stress were related to both S-IPV victimization and perpetration. Conversely, at lower levels of hazardous drinking, minority stress was unrelated to S-IPV victimization and perpetration. Conclusion: S-IPV prevention efforts for LGBQ+ college students should focus on reducing minority stress and hazardous drinking. Future research is also needed to identify additional factors, not measured in the present study, that increase the risk for S-IPV among LGBQ+ college students.

Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Sexual Minority People and Associated Factors: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies

“…First, differences in the operationalization of violence and in the used instruments were found. Thirty-nine studies assessed IPV perpetration with some version of the conflict tactics scale (CTS; Ayhan Balik & Bilgin, 2021 ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Causby et al, 1995 ; Balsam & Szymanski, 2005 ; Chong et al, 2013 ; Craft & Serovich, 2005 ; Craft et al, 2008 ; Edwards & Sylaska, 2013 ; Edwards et al, 2021 ; Leone et al, 2022 ; Lewis et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2019 , 2022 ; Li & Zheng, 2021 ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, 2017a ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, 2017b ; Jones & Raghavan, 2012 ; Kelley et al, 2014 ; Landolt & Dutton, 1997 ; Lewis et al, 2018 ; Mason et al, 2016 ; McKenry et al, 2006 ; Milletich et al, 2014 ; Oringher & Samuelson, 2011 ; Pepper & Sand, 2015 ; Pistella et al, 2022 ; Stephenson et al, 2011b ; Stults et al, 2021b ; Swan et al, 2021 ; Swann et al, 2021 ; Taylor & Neppl, 2020 ; Tognasso et al, 2022 ; Whitton et al, 2021 ; Wu et al, 2015 ; Stults et al, 2015b ; Stults et al, 2016 ; Waterman et al, 1989 ; Whitton et al, 2019 ; Zavala, 2017 ). Other used assessment tools were the Intimate Partner Violence Among Gay and Bisexual Men (IPV-GBM) Scale (10 studies; Davis et al, 2016 ; Jones & Raghavan, 2012 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2016 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2017 ; Suarez et al, 2018 ; Wei et al, 2020a , b , 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ); the Psychological Maltreatmen...…”

“…Second, only 15 studies (Balsam & Szymanski, 2005 ; Davis et al, 2016 ; Edwards et al, 2021 ; Fortunata & Kohn, 2003 ; Jones & Raghavan, 2012 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2016 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2017 ; Suarez et al, 2018 ; Swann et al, 2021 ; Wei et al, 2020a , b ; Whitton et al, 2019 ; Whitton et al, 2021 ; Zhu et al, 2021 ) included instruments or items that addressed abusive tactics specific to sexual minority people (e.g., threats of outing, homonegativity, and negative HIV-related attitudes). Furthermore, only slightly more than half of the studies were focused on the variables associated to the violence perpetrated within a same-sex relationship (40 studies; Ayhan Balik & Bilgin, 2021 ; Balsam & Szymanski, 2005 ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Carvalho et al, 2011 ; Chong et al, 2013 ; Craft & Serovich, 2005 ; Davis et al, 2016 ; Edwards & Sylaska, 2013 ; Fontanesi et al, 2020 ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, 2017a ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, b ; Jacobson et al, 2015 ; Jones & Raghavan, 2012 ; Kahle et al, 2020 ; Kelley et al, 2014 ; Landolt & Dutton, 1997 ; Leone et al, 2022 ; Lewis et al, 2017 ; Lewis et al, 2018 ; Li et al, 2019 , 2022 ; Li & Zheng, 2021 ; Longares et al, 2018b ; Mason et al, 2016 ; Milletich et al, 2014 ; Pepper & Sand, 2015 ; Pistella et al, 2022 ; Poorman & Seelau, 2001 ; Schilit et al, 1990 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2016 ; Stephenson et al,…”

“…Only one study used probabilistic methods of sampling (Bogart et al, 2005 ). Most (39 studies) included self-identified LGB+ people (Ayhan Balik & Bilgin, 2021 ; Bacchus et al, 2017 ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Bogart et al, 2005 ; Chong et al, 2013 ; Derlega et al, 2011 ; Edwards et al, 2021 ; Finneran & Stephenson, 2014 ; Finneran et al, 2012 ; Fontanesi et al, 2020 ; Fortunata & Kohn, 2003 ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, 2017a ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, b ; Jacobson et al, 2015 ; Kelly et al, 2011 ; Lewis et al, 2017 ; Lewis et al, 2018 ; Longares et al, 2018a ; Longares et al, b ; Mason et al, 2016 ; Oringher & Samuelson, 2011 ; Pistella et al, 2022 ; Poorman & Seelau, 2001 ; Reuter et al, 2015 ; Schilit et al, 1990 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2016 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2017 ; Stephenson et al, 2011a ; Stephenson et al, 2013 ; Swan et al, 2021 ; Taylor & Neppl, 2020 ; Telesco, 2003 ; Tognasso et al, 2022 ; Toro-Alfonso & Rodríguez-Madera, 2004 ; Turell et al, 2018 ; Ummak et al, 2021 ; Zavala, 2017 ). Regardless of their self-identified sexual orientation, 17 studies recruited participants on the basis of their involvement in a same-sex relationship (Balsam & Szymanski, 2005 ; Craft & Serovich, 2005 ; Craft et al, 2008 ; Edwards & Sylaska, 2013 ; Jones & Raghavan, 2012 ; Kahle et al, 2020 ; Kelley et al, 2014 ; Leone et al, 2022 ; Li et al,…”

“…Five articles did not specify based on what criteria they defined their participants as sexual minority people (Carvalho et al, 2011 ; Causby et al, 1995 ; McKenry et al, 2006 ; Landolt & Dutton, 1997 ; Schilit et al, 1991 ). In terms of age, education and ethnicity of the enrolled participants, most of the studies (54 studies) included in the current systematic review were focused on adult participants, mainly White and well-educated (Ayhan Balik & Bilgin, 2021 ; Bacchus et al, 2017 ; Balsam & Szymanski, 2005 ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Bartholomew et al, 2008a , b ; Bogart et al, 2005 ; Carvalho et al, 2011 ; Chong et al, 2013 ; Derlega et al, 2011 ; Edwards & Sylaska, 2013 ; Edwards et al, 2021 ; Finneran et al, 2012 ; Fontanesi et al, 2020 ; Fortunata & Kohn, 2003 ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, 2017a ; Gabbay & Lafontaine, b ; Jacobson et al, 2015 ; Kahle et al, 2020 ; Kelley et al, 2014 ; Kelly et al, 2011 ; Krahé et al, 2000 ; Landolt & Dutton, 1997 ; Leone et al, 2022 ; Lewis et al, 2017 ; Lewis et al, 2018 ; Li & Zheng, 2021 ; Li et al, 2022 ; Longares et al, 2018a ; Longares et al, b ; Mason et al, 2016 ; McKenry et al, 2006 ; Milletich et al, 2014 ; Miltz et al, 2019 ; Oringher & Samuelson, 2011 ; Pepper & Sand, 2015 ; Pistella et al, 2022 ; Schilit et al, 1990 , 1991 ; Sharma et al, 2021 ; Stephenson & Finneran, 2017 ; Stephenson et al, 2011a ; Stephenson et al, 2011a , b ; Suarez et al,…”

Global perspectives on sexual violence: Understanding the experiences of marginalized populations and elucidating the role of sociocultural factors in sexual violence.

“…To date, however, only limited empirical work has examined the role of minority stress in vulnerability specifically to sexual violence. Edwards et al (2021) evaluated minority stress as a predictor of sexual intimate partner violence (S-IPV) victimization in a large sample of LGBQ+ college students. Further, hazardous alcohol use and peer support were examined as moderators of the relation between minority stress and S-IPV.…”