“…Then, due to endogenous forces, units are no longer in a position to meet their obligations, which leads to debt deflation and crisis spreading. (Caverzasi, 2014;Whalen, 2017;Palley 2013;Bhaduri, 2011) The hazards associated with financialization have grown in tandem with debt levels which elevated financial market volatility, money supply risk, and inflation risk; exposed borrowers to debt refinancing risks, market changes in interest rates and currency rates, and crowding out of private investments; and increased liquidity concerns as the strain of public debt expanded dramatically. (Bogdan & Lomakovych, 2021) This will not only fail to generate protracted investment but will also lead to financial vulnerability.…”