Miocene colored waters: A new significant source of thallium in the environment

Wojtkowiak, Tomasz; Karbowska, Bożena; Zembrzuski, Wlodzimierz; Siepak, Marcin; Łukaszewski, Zenon

doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.09.014

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Determining thallium was performed in accordance with the procedure described previously by [10]. A series of studies were carried out previously in order to select optimal analysis parameters: the most appropriate concentration, potential, and time [13].…”

Section: Determining Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, spreads rapidly in the body, and accumulates in bones, kidneys, and throughout the central nervous system [9]. The toxic effect of thallium is caused by its similarity to the potassium (I) ion, which results in potassium-associated metabolic process disorders [10]. The toxicity of this element is higher compared to mercury, cadmium, and lead (maximum admissible concentration at 0.1 mg/ml) [8].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determining Thallium in a Commercial Tobacco Brand Available in Poland

Karbowska¹,

Zembrzuski²

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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It is estimated that approximately 10 million cigarettes are smoked every minute in the world and that the number of smokers is now about 1.3 billion people [1]. The health hazards associated with smoking tobacco are mainly caused by the presence of numerous chemical compounds. To date, more than 4,000 different chemicals (including hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbons) have been isolated from tobacco [2]. These substances also include heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, and cadmium, which are mainly absorbed from the soil and accumulate in leaves. It is believed that the presence of heavy metals in cigarette smoke may be responsible for the loss of health in active and passive smokers. Moreover, exposure to heavy metals associated with smoking is often correlated with cancer incidence and mortality [3][4][5]. Studies show that metal concentrations are higher in pulmonary tissues of lung cancer cases than controls [6].Recent studies have confirmed that, aside from other heavy metals, tobacco may also contain thallium [7]. Thallium is considered to be severely toxic for humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms [8]. It is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes, spreads rapidly in the body, and accumulates in bones, kidneys, and throughout the central nervous system [9]. The toxic effect of thallium is caused by its similarity to the potassium (I) ion, which results in potassium-associated metabolic process disorders [10]. The toxicity of this element is higher compared to mercury, cadmium, and lead (maximum admissible concentration at 0.1 mg/ml) [8]. It is believed that the maximum dose of thallium should not exceed 15 micrograms, and the LD 50 for humans is 8-12 mgTl×kg -1 [11][12]. A high dose of thallium received over a short period of time may even lead to death. Diagnosis of thallium poisoning is very complicated, therefore its confirmation requires chemical analysis. The symptoms of thallium poisoning in the case of exceeding the maximum permissible doses are: vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, and disturbance in the functioning of the nervous system, lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys.Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 25, No. 5 (2016) AbstractThis study focused on determining thallium content in tobacco samples collected from a commercial cigarette brand commonly available in Poland (manufactured by Philip Morris). The samples were analyzed with the use of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) coupled with a flow injection analysis (FIA) system. The obtained results confirmed that thallium was present in the studied tobacco samples (average content at 0.0089 ±0.0012µg/g). These findings suggest that cigarette smokers in Poland may be exposed to the toxic effects of thallium-based compounds present in tobacco.

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Section: Determining Thalliummentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining Thallium in a Commercial Tobacco Brand Available in Poland

Karbowska¹,

Zembrzuski²

2016

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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“…The mechanism of toxicity of thallium is based on the similarity between thallium (I) ions and potassium ions and the resulting disorders due to disruption of enzyme activity and metabolic processes. [4][5][6] Upon entering the human organism, thallium rapidly spreads to numerous organs via the bloodstream and accumulates in nails, hair, bones as well as crucial organs, such as kidneys and brain. Symptoms of thallium poisoning typically include hair loss, ulcers, internal bleeding, myocardial injury, alopecia, polyneuropathy, insomnia, paralysis and loss of body mass and, eventually, death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms of thallium poisoning typically include hair loss, ulcers, internal bleeding, myocardial injury, alopecia, polyneuropathy, insomnia, paralysis and loss of body mass and, eventually, death. 2,[3][4][5][6][7] The severely negative impact of prolonged exposition to high levels of thallium is the rationale for monitoring of this contaminant in environmental samples. The various toxic effects of thallium became a rationale for the preparation of thalliumbased homeopathic drugs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inversion voltammetry techniques, widely used for determination of thallium in different environmental samples, exhibit a notable benefit -they are relatively cheap and the DPASV technique coupled with a flowinjection measuring system (FIA-DPASV) enables the determination of Tl at concentrations below 1 picomole per liter (of the order of 100 picograms per liter; LOD equal to 0.25 pM). [6][7][8][9][10][11]12 The aim of the present study was to determine the content of thallium in samples of the homeopathic pellets collected from a commercial brand (Thallium aceticum).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of Tl(I) Ions in Homeopathic Drugs by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Zembrzuski¹,

Karbowska²

2017

IJPER

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Objectives: The present study is focused on the determination of thallium (I) ions in homeopathic drugs. Methods: The determination was carried out using the Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (DPASV) technique coupled with the flow-injection measuring system (FIA-DPASV). Results: The thallium content was analyzed in two commercial homeopathic preparations (Thallium aceticum 5CH and 9CH), which include two different concentrations of thallium. It was established, that the mean concentration of thallium in the 5CH drug was at 6.67 ng L -1 in the administered daily dose, whereas in case of 9CH the value was at 2.1 ng L -1 of thallium. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that the application of the studied homeopathic drugs for medical purposes is not associated with any hazards in terms of possible toxicity due to thallium content.

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Mercury‐modified Lignosulfonate‐stabilized Gold Nanoparticles as an Alternative Material for Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Thallium

2017

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Lignosulfonate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs‐LS) were synthesized and subsequently used as a complexing agent for mercury ions. The obtained AuNPs‐LS/Hg2+ complex was characterized by means of various physicochemical techniques such as UV‐vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the resulting complex was evaluated as an electrode modifier for the development of amperometric sensors. Upon sufficient negative potential, the bound mercury ions are reduced to form an amalgam with AuNPs‐LS. Thus, the performance of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by AuNPs‐LS/Hg film was investigated as an electrochemical sensor in the determination of Tl+ ions in a 0.05 M EDTA at pH 4.5. The presence of the mercury containing film improves the analyte accumulation due to its ability to form a fused amalgam with thallium. The presented data indicate that the GCE/AuNPs‐LS/Hg modified electrode shows better performance toward Tl+ determination in comparison to bare GCE. The stripping anodic peak current of thallium was linear over its concentration range from 1.7⋅10−7 to 5.0⋅10−6 M. The detection limit (3σ) was estimated to be 1.4⋅10−7 M. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of thallium ions in real samples of soil derived from the area of the copper smelter near Głogów (Poland).

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Miocene colored waters: A new significant source of thallium in the environment

Cited by 32 publications

References 22 publications

Determining Thallium in a Commercial Tobacco Brand Available in Poland

Determining Thallium in a Commercial Tobacco Brand Available in Poland

Determination of Tl(I) Ions in Homeopathic Drugs by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Mercury‐modified Lignosulfonate‐stabilized Gold Nanoparticles as an Alternative Material for Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Thallium

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