Miocene semidiurnal tidal rhythmites in Madre de Dios, Peru

Hovikoski, Jussi; Räsänen, Matti; Gingras, Murray K.; Roddaz, Martín; Brusset, Stéphane; Hermoza, Wilber; Pittman, Lidia Romero; Lertola, Kalle

doi:10.1130/g21102.1

Cited by 79 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Other major changes took place as epicontinental seas in eastern and southern Amazonia formed and subsequently drained (Nores 1999, Hovikoski et al 2005. The upwarp of the Andes and the drainage of the Pebasian Sea were closely linked.…”

Section: Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The rise and fall of the Refugial Hypothesis of Amazonian speciation: a paleoecological perspective

2006

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The refugial hypothesis is treated as the definitive history of Amazonian forests in many texts. Surprisingly, this important theoretical framework has not been based on paleoecological data. Consequently, a model of Amazonian aridity during the northern hemispheric glaciation has been accepted uncritically. Ironically, the Refuge Hypothesis has not been tested by paleobotanical data. We present a revision of the concept of Neotropical Pleistocene Forest Refuges and test it in the light of paleocological studies derived from pollen analysis of Amazonian lake sediments deposited during the last 20,000 years. Our analysis is based primarily on paleoenvironmental data obtained from sites in Brazil and Ecuador. These data are contrasted with those that favor the hypothesis of fragmented tropical forests in a landscape dominated mainly by tropical savannas under an arid climate. The Ecuadorian data set strongly suggests a 5 o C cooling and presence of humid forests at the foot of the Andes, during the last Ice Age. The same climatic and vegetational scenario was found in the western Brazilian Amazon. On the other hand, somewhat drier conditions were observed in the central Amazon, but the landscape remained a forested landscape during the supposedly arid phases of the Late Quaternary. Data obtained from the Amazon Fan sediments containing pollen derived from extensive sections of the Amazon Basin, were fundamental to the conclusion that the predominance of savannas in this region is not supported by botanical data. Our revision of the assumptions derived from the Refuge Hypothesis indicates that it has succumbed to the test now permitted by a larger paleocological data set, which were not available during the golden age of this paradigm, when indirect evidence was considered satisfactory to support it. Key words: Amazonia, refugia, fossil pollen, glaciations, Pleistocene, Holocene, Miocene, phylogeny, speciation diversity Resumo -Bush, M.B and Oliveira, P.E. Apogeu e declínio da Hipótese dos Refúgios para a especiação na Amazônia: uma perspectiva paleoecológica. Biota Neotrop. Jan/Abr 2006 vol. 6, no. 1, http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v6n1/pt/ abstract?point-of-view+bn00106012006. ISSN 1676-0611 A Hipótese dos Refúgios Florestais do Pleistoceno é aceita como a história definitiva da Amazônia por muitos autores. Surpreendentemente, este importante conceito não foi baseado em dados paleoecológicos. Como conseqüência, hoje temos um modelo teórico intimamente conectado à visão de uma Amazônia árida, durante o período de maior atividade glacial no hemisfério norte. Ironicamente, a Hipótese dos Refúgios não foi testada por dados paleobotânicos. Por isso, apresentamos uma revisão desse conceito e testamos a sua validade frente aos estudos paleoecológicos, derivados de análises palinológicas de sedimentos lacustres da Amazônia, depositados nos últimos 20.000 anos. Nossa análise baseia-se, principalmente, em dados paleoambientais obtidos em regiões da Amazônia do Brasil e do Ecuador, os quais são contrastados com informaçõ...

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Section: Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…While some debate exists regarding the full extent and connectivity of these water bodies (e.g. Hoorn et al 1995, Rasanen et al 1995, it is apparent that they would have been potentially much greater barriers to dispersal than any modern river of the Amazon Basin (Rasanen et al 1995, Hovikoski et al 2005.…”

Section: Assumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rise and fall of the Refugial Hypothesis of Amazonian speciation: a paleoecological perspective

2006

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“…The upper part of the Ipururo Formation consists of subtidal channel sediments deposited in a tide-dominated delta (Roddaz 2004;Roddaz et al 2004) and the Unit A and B of the Madre de Dios Formation were deposited in tide-dominated estuaries (Roddaz 2004;Roddaz et al 2004;Hovikoski et al 2005). For further details on tide-dominated estuaries see Chapter 9.…”

Section: Madre De Dios Foredeep: Ipururo and Madre De Dios Formationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A global eustasy sea-level fall can be ruled out as the Late Other parts of the Amazonian foreland sedimentation were widely controlled by deltaic and estuarine sedimentation during the Late Miocene (Fig. 5.10) including the wedge-top depozone (Hermoza et al 2005b), the foredeep depozone (Hermoza 2004;Roddaz 2004;Roddaz et al 2004;Hovikoski et al 2005;Burgos 2006), the forebulge depozone (Roddaz et al , 2006Rebata-Hernani et al 2006a, 2006b and the backbulge depozone (Gingras et al 2002;Roddaz et al 2005aRoddaz et al , 2006. The Late Miocene Amazonian foreland basin system may therefore be interpreted as a fi lled foreland basin system (Catuneanu 2004).…”

Section: Eocene: Erosional Unloadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of the Amazonian Foreland Basin System

Roddaz

Hermoza

Mora

et al. 2009

Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution

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In this chapter we present a synthesis of the Cenozoic evolution of the Amazonian foreland basin system, based on a review of the estimated ages, lithology and sedimentary structures, palaeontological content, and inferred depositional environments of sedimentary units in the basin. In addition, we have calculated maximum sedimentation rates for the Cenozoic formations of the northern Peruvian foreland basin and integrated these with existing data on sedimentation rates, subsidence analysis, migration of depocentre and depositional environments. Based on this information we propose a model for the Cenozoic evolution of the Amazonian foreland. The sedimentary architecture of this foreland basin indicates that Cenozoic evolution was marked by several periods, which were roughly synchronous and of similar effect, along the entire Amazonian foreland basin system. Tectonic loading of the Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and northern Bolivia, and development of the Amazonian foreland, was initiated during Late Cretaceous-Paleocene times and followed by an unloading stage during the Early-Middle Eocene period. The Middle-Late Eocene marine transgression and the increase in sedimentation rates, associated with westward migration of the depocentre, were all indicative of a renewed phase of tectonic loading of the Peruvian Western Cordillera and the Ecuadorian and Colombian Eastern Cordillera. Subsequent Oligo-Miocene increase in sedimentation rates and further migration of the depocentres towards the present-day sub-Andean zone, are all indicative for a thrust-induced uplift and loading of the Eastern Cordilleras of Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. This Oligo-Miocene loading stage maintained high subsidence rates that favoured the sedimentation of aggradational fl oodplain and coastal plain and tidally infl uenced deposits. Nevertheless, the processes that controlled the Early-Middle Miocene marine ingressions remain to be determined. Late Miocene ongoing thrust tectonic loading of the Eastern Cordillera, initial structuring of the sub-Andean zone and the onset of the main phase of Andean surface uplift induced fl exural subsidence in the foredeep depozones of the entire Amazonian foreland basin. This process also drove the Late Miocene marine transgressions that characterized the fi lled stage of the Ecuadorian, Peruvian and Bolivian Amazonian foreland basin system. Valley incisions and full relief development in the hinterland during the Late Miocene-Pliocene provided increased sediment supply and overfi lled the Amazonian foreland basin system. Finally, the fl at-slab subduction of the Nazca ridge induced Pliocene (~4 Ma) uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch and subdivided the Amazonian foreland basin into the northern and southern Amazonian foreland basins.

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“…The oldest sediments outcropping on the Fitzcarrald Arch area are Miocene in age and part of the Ipururo and Madre de Dios Formations in Peru (Kummel 1948), and of the Solimões Formation in Brazil (Oppenheim 1946;Silva 1988 (Espurt et al 2006;Antoine et al 2007); 2, Sepa River; 3, Urubamba River; 4, Purus River (Räsänen et al 1995, Hovikoski et al 2008; 5, (Cozzuol, 2006); 6, Patos Inca (Cozzuol 2006); 7, Alto Purus River (Campbell et al 2001); 8, Manú River; 9, Madre de Dios River; 10, Inambari River (Roddaz 2004;Roddaz et al 2006;Hovikoski et al 2005); 11, Tambo River; 12, Chicosillo River (Espurt et al 2006); 13, Las Piedras River (Campbell et al 2001); 14, Lower Madre de Dios River (Roddaz 2004); 15, Ucayali River (Dumont et al 1991 (Hovikoski et al 2008). Consequently, from the late Middle Miocene to the Late Miocene, the Fitzcarrald Arch area was completely fl ooded and its sediment deposition was controlled by tidal currents.…”

Section: Miocene Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nazca Ridge and Uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: Implications for Regional Geology in Northern South America

Espurt¹,

Baby²,

Brusset³

et al. 2009

Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution

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The Fitzcarrald Arch corresponds to a NE-SW-trending widespread dissected relief of about 400,000 km 2 located to the east of the sub-Andean thrust front. Analyses of drainage maps demonstrate that this regional uplift controls the modern Amazonian drainage network. During the Miocene, the Fitzcarrald Arch did not exist and this area corresponded to the subsiding foredeep of the Amazonian foreland basin. Analyses of the Miocene deposits outcropping within the Fitzcarrald Arch area indicate that deposition was controlled by tidal current and consisted of tide-dominated deltas and estuaries. The tidal Miocene deposits were followed by fl uvial conglomerate and sandstone sediments, probably Pliocene to Pleistocene in age. Modelling of the vitrinite refl ectance data shows that the uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch began in Pliocene times; this date is further confi rmed by sedimentary evidence such as provenance and a change of palaeocurrent directions from the Pliocene and Pleistocene record. Geophysical data show that the Fitzcarrald Arch uplift superimposed on the eastern part of the Nazca Ridge fl at slab segment. The fl at subduction process linked to the buoyancy of the Nazca Ridge has been active since ~4 Ma. Thus, the coincidence of the initiation of fl at slab subduction with the Pliocene uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch implies that the fl at subduction of the Nazca Ridge is the cause of uplift. The Nazca Ridge fl at subduction is the process responsible for the modern confi guration of the Amazon drainage basin and may be one of the decisive factors that triggered large-scale modifi cation of the Amazonian landscape inducing drastic biota changes in the Amazonian basin during the last 4 million years.

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Miocene semidiurnal tidal rhythmites in Madre de Dios, Peru

Cited by 79 publications

References 12 publications

The rise and fall of the Refugial Hypothesis of Amazonian speciation: a paleoecological perspective

The rise and fall of the Refugial Hypothesis of Amazonian speciation: a paleoecological perspective

Cenozoic Sedimentary Evolution of the Amazonian Foreland Basin System

The Nazca Ridge and Uplift of the Fitzcarrald Arch: Implications for Regional Geology in Northern South America

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