“…Intense physical exercise, trauma, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, acute psychosis, systemic connective tissue diseases, renal or cardiac failure, viral diseases that cause myopathies such as influenza, coxsackie, adenovirus, prostate cancer, celiac disease, obstructive sleep apnea, moderate to severe hypothyroidism, drugs such as statins, fibrates, antiretrovirals, beta-blockers, clozapine, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, hydroxychloroquine, isotretinoin, and colchicine; neuromuscular diseases such as Guillain Barré, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myopathy due to the use of corticosteroids, hyperthyroidism, collagen diseases, alcoholism, procedures such as intramuscular injections and electromyography have been described as possible etiologies. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Besides that, the most frequent causes of CPK elevation are genetic diseases such as muscular dystrophies, congenital myopathies, channelopathies, mitochondrial myopathies, and myotonic dystrophies, although exercise can also temporarily increase CPK levels due to rhabdomyolysis. 2,13 Muscular dystrophies are classified according to their genetic transmission mechanism, either autosomal dominant or recessive, and those linked to the X chromosome.…”