miR‐490: A potential biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer and other diseases

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non‐coding RNAs that function as posttranscriptional gene regulators. Among a pool of >2600 known human mature miRNAs, only a small subset have been functionally interrogated and a further smaller pool shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases suggesting their critical role in maintaining homeostasis. Here, we draw your attention to one such miRNA, miR‐490, that has been reported to be deregulated in a myriad of diseases (23 diseases) ranging from cardiomyopathy, depression, and developmental disorders to many cancer types (28 cancer types), such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, cancers of the reproductive and central nervous system among others. The prognostic and diagnostic potential of miR‐490 has been reported in many diseases including cancer underlining its clinical relevance. We also collate a complex plethora of epigenetic (histone and DNA methylation), transcriptional (TF), and posttranscriptional (lncRNA and circRNA) mechanisms that have been shown to tightly regulate miR‐490 levels. The targets of miR‐490 involve a range of cancer‐related genes involved in the regulation of various cancer hallmarks like cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, apoptotic cell death, angiogenesis, and so forth. Overall, our in‐depth review highlights for the first time the emerging role of miR‐490 in disease pathology, diagnosis, and prognosis that assigns a unique therapeutic potential to miR‐490 in the era of precision medicine.

The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation

“…MiRNAs have an average length of 18 to 25 nucleotides, which negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, through their binding to the untranslated regions (UTRs) of their target mRNAs, either to suppress the synthesis of proteins or induce mRNA degradation [36,38]. To date, more than 2800 human miRNAs have been reported, of which only a small subset of these are associated with the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, highlighting their critical role in maintaining homeostasis [39].…”

“…To date, more than 2800 human miRNAs have been reported, of which only a small subset of these are associated with the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases, highlighting their critical role in maintaining homeostasis [39]. Currently, two types of miRNAs have been identified, based on their gene processing: (1) intragenic miRNAs, which are processed mainly from introns and, (2) intergenic miRNAs, which are transcribed independently of a host gene, regulated by their promotors [40,41].…”

MicroRNA‑490‑3p and ‑490‑5p in carcinogenesis: Separate or the same goal? (Review)

“…To the best of our knowledge, there are currently no published studies on the oncogenic signaling pathway of miR-490-3p (81). Notably, the antioncogene PCBP1 was reported to be an immune checkpoint required for effector T-cell function, as well as a key molecule in the conversion of the TGF-β signaling pathway from a growth factor inhibitor to a tumor growth promoter in advanced cancer stages (70).…”

Magic and mystery of microRNA‐32

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, single‐stranded small noncoding RNAs about 19~24 nucleotides (nts) long that represent an emerging group of gene expression modulators with critical roles in several biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle progression, autophagy, apoptosis and organ development. They are also used as noninvasive biomarkers and targeted therapeutics in several diseases, including atherosclerosis, 1 tumours, 2 diabetes 3 and other diseases. 4 Mature miRNA production occurs through a multistep process (Figure 1 ).…”