miRNA-221 of exosomes originating from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promotes oncogenic activity in gastric cancer

Abstract

Worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors of the digestive system. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) of exosomes harbored within cancer cells have been determined to induce inflammatory conditions that accelerate tumor growth and metastasis. Interestingly, the oncogenic role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the modulation of immunosuppression, tumor invasion, and metastasis was discovered to be partly mediated through the secretion of exosomes. In this article, high expression of miRNA-221 (miR-221) in exosomes of the peripheral blood was determined to be positively correlated with the poor clinical prognosis of GC, especially with respect to tumor, node, and metastases stage. Therefore, the expression of miR-221 in exosomes of the peripheral blood may be an important detection index for GC. Proliferation, migration, invasion, and adhesion to the matrix of GC BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells were significantly enhanced by exosomes that originated from BM-MSCs that were transfected with miR-221 mimics. In conclusion, extracted exosomes from BM-MSCs transfected with miR-221 oligonucleotides can act as high-efficiency nanocarriers, which can provide sufficient miR-221 oligonucleotides to influence the tumor microenvironment and tumor aggressiveness effectively. Notably, the use of a miR-221 inhibitor with an excellent restraining effect in exosomes provides therapeutic potential for GC in future clinical medicine.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-124-3p attenuates neurological damage in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by downregulating Ern1 and promoting M2 macrophage polarization

“…In our study, we confirmed that BMMSC-derived exosomes could transfer miR-124-3p, which then negatively regulated Ern1 expression in macrophages. In a related finding, miRNAs in exosomes secreted by BMMSCs have shown diagnostic and therapeutic properties as they were found to mediate tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis [18]. For example, exosomal miR-124-3p from BMMSCs has been found to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress injury in vivo [19].…”

The roles of extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer development, microenvironment, anti-cancer drug resistance, and therapy

“…Transfected miR-221 oligonucleotides to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), then exosomes were extracted. These EVs serve as high-efficiency nanocarriers, which can provide sufficient miR-221 oligonucleotides to effectively reprogramme the tumor microenvironment and tumor aggressiveness [59].…”

Dissimilar Appearances Are Deceptive–Common microRNAs and Therapeutic Strategies in Liver Cancer and Melanoma

“…Apart from melanoma and HCC, miR-221 was reported to be critically involved also in different cancer types, including cervical cancer [224], retinoblastoma [225], breast cancer [226], colorectal cancer [227] and gastric cancer [228].…”