Abstract:Background: The role of Ivermectin in improving the outcome of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms was reported in several studies, while its effect on the pro-inflammatory cytokines triggering the cytokine storm is still not investigated. Method: This study aimed to investigate the role of Ivermectin on the proinflammatory cytokines in Covid-19 patients and correlated the results with the expression of miR-2909, miR-223-3p. Three hundred and twenty hospitalized patients with confirmed moderate-sev… Show more
“…Over 40 peer-reviewed studies ( Table 1 ) have demonstrated studies on the effectiveness of IVM in SARS-CoV-2 infection ( Alam et al, 2020 ; Khan et al, 2020 ; Kishoria et al, 2020 ; Reaz et al, 2020 ; Abd-Elsalam et al, 2021 ; Ahmed et al, 2021 ; Ahsan et al, 2021 ; Aref et al, 2021 ; Behera et al, 2021 ; Cadegiani et al, 2021 ; Chaccour et al, 2021 ; Chahla et al, 2021 ; Chowdhury et al, 2021 ; Elalfy et al, 2021 ; Faisal et al, 2021 ; Ferreira et al, 2021 ; Hellwig and Maia, 2021 ; Krolewiecki et al, 2021 ; Lima-Morales et al, 2021 ; López-Medina et al, 2021 ; Mohan et al, 2021 ; Morgenstern et al, 2021 ; Mukarram, 2021 ; Okumuş et al, 2021 ; Podder et al, 2021 ; Rajter et al, 2021 ; Ravikirti et al, 2021 ; Rezk et al, 2021 ; Seet et al, 2021 ; Shahbaznejad et al, 2021 ; Shoumann et al, 2021 ; Abbas et al, 2022 ; Ascencio-Montiel et al, 2022 ; Babalola et al, 2022 ; Beltran Gonzalez et al, 2022 ; Buonfrate et al, 2022 ; Hazan et al, 2022a ; Kerr et al, 2022 ; Lim et al, 2022 ; Mayer et al, 2022 ; Mustafa et al, 2022 ; Ozer et al, 2022 ; Reis et al, 2022 ; Shimizu et al, 2022 ; Zubair et al, 2022 ), with over 80% of studies showing positive outcomes with IVM treatment. Overall, IVM has shown 60–85% improvement in outcomes, including mortality, ventilation, recovery, clearance, and hospital/ICU admissions.…”
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
“…Over 40 peer-reviewed studies ( Table 1 ) have demonstrated studies on the effectiveness of IVM in SARS-CoV-2 infection ( Alam et al, 2020 ; Khan et al, 2020 ; Kishoria et al, 2020 ; Reaz et al, 2020 ; Abd-Elsalam et al, 2021 ; Ahmed et al, 2021 ; Ahsan et al, 2021 ; Aref et al, 2021 ; Behera et al, 2021 ; Cadegiani et al, 2021 ; Chaccour et al, 2021 ; Chahla et al, 2021 ; Chowdhury et al, 2021 ; Elalfy et al, 2021 ; Faisal et al, 2021 ; Ferreira et al, 2021 ; Hellwig and Maia, 2021 ; Krolewiecki et al, 2021 ; Lima-Morales et al, 2021 ; López-Medina et al, 2021 ; Mohan et al, 2021 ; Morgenstern et al, 2021 ; Mukarram, 2021 ; Okumuş et al, 2021 ; Podder et al, 2021 ; Rajter et al, 2021 ; Ravikirti et al, 2021 ; Rezk et al, 2021 ; Seet et al, 2021 ; Shahbaznejad et al, 2021 ; Shoumann et al, 2021 ; Abbas et al, 2022 ; Ascencio-Montiel et al, 2022 ; Babalola et al, 2022 ; Beltran Gonzalez et al, 2022 ; Buonfrate et al, 2022 ; Hazan et al, 2022a ; Kerr et al, 2022 ; Lim et al, 2022 ; Mayer et al, 2022 ; Mustafa et al, 2022 ; Ozer et al, 2022 ; Reis et al, 2022 ; Shimizu et al, 2022 ; Zubair et al, 2022 ), with over 80% of studies showing positive outcomes with IVM treatment. Overall, IVM has shown 60–85% improvement in outcomes, including mortality, ventilation, recovery, clearance, and hospital/ICU admissions.…”
Ivermectin is an anti-parasitic agent that has gained attention as a potential COVID-19 therapeutic. It is a compound of the type Avermectin, which is a fermented by-product of Streptomyces avermitilis. Bifidobacterium is a member of the same phylum as Streptomyces spp., suggesting it may have a symbiotic relation with Streptomyces. Decreased Bifidobacterium levels are observed in COVID-19 susceptibility states, including old age, autoimmune disorder, and obesity. We hypothesize that Ivermectin, as a by-product of Streptomyces fermentation, is capable of feeding Bifidobacterium, thereby possibly preventing against COVID-19 susceptibilities. Moreover, Bifidobacterium may be capable of boosting natural immunity, offering more direct COVID-19 protection. These data concord with our study, as well as others, that show Ivermectin protects against COVID-19.
“…An investigation conducted by Rezk et al evaluated the effectiveness of ivermectin in reducing the fatality percentage by influencing the expression profile of miR-2029, miR-233-3p, on a group of 300 COVID-19-infected hospitalized patients. This shows the marked correlation of miRNA with the COVID-19 existing therapy [73] . Studies have related the positive results from the COVID-19 RT-PCR test to changes in the miRNA profiles in nasal swabs, which could potentially classify the case self-reliantly [65] .…”
Section: Future Headways For the Development Of Mir-therapeuticsmentioning
“…In a multi-center clinical trial, the mortality rate decreased by 15% only in hospitalized individuals receiving different doses of IVM and different administration routes, while those receiving HCQ did not [ 250 ]. Besides, an Egyptian study observed a decreased in IL-6 and IL-1 cytokines in COVID-19 patients treated with IVM, with a reduction in the mortality rate and the hospitalization time [ 251 ]. Conversely, studies conducted in Pakistan and China did not detect differences in mortality rate, inflammatory markers, time of hospitalization, time of resolution of symptoms and syndrome course in mild and severe COVID-19 subjects [ 252 , 253 ].…”
Section: Anthelmintic Drugs Against Sars-cov-2mentioning
More than two years have passed since the viral outbreak that led to the novel infectious respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Since then, the urgency for effective treatments resulted in unprecedented efforts to develop new vaccines and to accelerate the drug discovery pipeline, mainly through the repurposing of well-known compounds with broad antiviral effects. In particular, antiparasitic drugs historically used against human infections due to protozoa or helminth parasites have entered the main stage as a miracle cure in the fight against SARS-CoV-2. Despite having demonstrated promising anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro, conflicting results have made their translation into clinical practice more difficult than expected. Since many studies involving antiparasitic drugs are currently under investigation, the window of opportunity might be not closed yet. Here, we will review the (controversial) journey of these old antiparasitic drugs to combat the human infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
