miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA: targeted molecules with therapeutic promises in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Overview of the epidemic characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection around COVID pandemic

“…Cellular components and metabolites of M. pneumoniae , such as CARDS toxin, membrane lipids, lipoproteins, and capsular materials, can act as pro‐inflammatory factors to activate host inflammatory pathways to produce cytokines, including interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukins, such as interleukins‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, and IL‐18. Recent studies showed that host non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non‐coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, which are packed into extracellular vesicles in the circulation, are involved in the initiation and promotion of M. pneumoniae infection [7]. The magnitude of host immune activation may determine either the clearance of the pathogen or worsening damage to the respiratory epithelium.…”