miRNA nanotherapeutics for cancer

Abstract

miRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression through diverse mechanisms. Increasing evidence suggests that miRNA-based therapies, either restoring or repressing miRNA expression and activity, hold great promise. However, the efficient delivery of miRNAs to target tissues is a major challenge in the transition of miRNA therapy to the clinic. Cationic polymers or viral vectors are efficient delivery agents but their systemic toxicity and immunogenicity limit their clinical usage. Efficient targeting and sustained release of miRNAs/anti-miRNAs using nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with antibodies and/or peptides could reduce the required therapeutic dosage while minimizing systemic and cellular toxicity. Given their importance in clinical oncology, here we focus on the development of miRNA nanoformulations to achieve enhanced cellular uptake, bioavailability, and accumulation at the tumor site.

TP73‐AS1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through miR‐200a‐mediated TFAM inhibition

“…function as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or both, depending on the circumstance. [5][6][7] The roles of lncRNAs have also been reported in BC. HOTAIR, a cell cycle-associated long non-coding RNA, has been revealed primarily serves as a prognostic factor for BC patient survival, as well as a biomarker for identifying BC molecular subtypes.…”

Biodegradable Polymers as a Noncoding miRNA Nanocarrier for Multiple Targeting Therapy of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma

“…Dysregulation of miRNAs has been widely reported in HCC and considered as an important marker in the diagnosis and prognosis . Consequently, the restoration of tumor suppressor‐miRNAs was regarded as a promising methodology to treat HCC . Due to the heterogeneity and complexity of HCC, the restoration of one kind of tumor suppressor‐miRNA is generally difficult to obtain the desired therapeutic efficacy.…”

<p>Restoration of miR-26b expression partially reverses the cisplatin resistance of NSCLC by targeting tafazzin</p>

“…Dysregulation of miRNAs has been proved to promote tumorigenesis and cancer progression. [13][14][15] Furthermore, previous studies indicate that abnormal expression of miRNAs promotes drug resistance in cancers. [16][17][18] Thus, the expression profile of miRNA is an important factor for influencing the cisplatin sensitivity of NSCLC cells.…”