MiRNA sequencing of Embryonic Myogenesis in Chengkou Mountain Chicken

Abstract

Background Skeletal muscle tissue is among the largest organ systems in mammals, essential for survival and movement. Embryonic muscle development determines the quantity and quality of muscles after the birth of an individual. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a significant class of non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3’UTR region of mRNA to regulate gene function. Total RNA was extracted from the leg muscles of chicken embryos in different developmental stages of Chengkou Mountain Chicken and used to generate 171,407,341 clean small RNA reads. Target prediction, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses determined the significantly enriched genes and pathways. Differential analysis determined the significantly different miRNAs between chicken embryo leg muscles at different developmental stages. Meanwhile, the weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified key modules in different developmental stages, and the hub miRNAs were screened following the KME value. Results The clean reads contained 2047 miRNAs, including 721 existing miRNAs, 1059 known miRNAs, and 267 novel miRNAs. Many genes and pathways related to muscle development were identified, including ERBB4, MEF2C, FZD4, the Wnt, Notch, and MAPK signaling pathways. The WGCNA established the greenyellow module and gga-miR-130b-5p for E12, magenta module and gga-miR-1643-5p for E16, purple module and gga-miR-12218-5p for E19, cyan module and gga-miR-132b-5p for E21. Conclusion These results lay a foundation for further research on the molecular regulatory mechanism of embryonic muscle development in Chengkou mountain chicken and provide a reference for other poultry and livestock muscle development studies.

Characterization of lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network to reveal potential functional ceRNAs in the skeletal muscle of chicken

“…Integrated analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles revealed that lncRNAs and target genes that might contribute to the regulation of different embryonic stages of skeletal muscle development in chicken ( Li et al, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2022 ). Many miRNAs related to embryonic muscle development identified in Chengkou mountain chicken were also found in Tibetan chicken ( Shi et al, 2022 ). We have not found research on circRNA sequencing related to embryonic muscle development in chicken.…”

Tissue engineering modalities in skeletal muscles: focus on angiogenesis and immunomodulation properties

“…As a correlate, the production of cytokines, ROS, and infiltration of immune cells lead to the destruction of target tissues [ 292 ]. To mitigate these conditions, immunomodulation approaches are at the center of attention [ 293 ]. Recent studies have therefore focused much attention on the area of local immunomodulation through various immunomodulatory nanosystems (IMNs) [ 291 ].…”

“…Recent studies have therefore focused much attention on the area of local immunomodulation through various immunomodulatory nanosystems (IMNs) [ 291 ]. In general, IMNs have been developed from engineered NPs, small drugs, nanomaterials, and biomaterials, factors such as cytokines, antibodies, siRNA, extracellular vesicles, and polysaccharides [ 100 , 292 , 293 ]. It was suggested that scaffolds provide a platform for immune cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.…”

“…These effects were prominent in scaffolds with smaller sizes near 40 µm [ 294 ]. However, further researches are mandatory to determine the appropriate scaffolds with certain dimension and surface decoration for the modulation of immune cell reaction and uncontrolled fibrosis [ 293 , 295 , 296 ]. In another study, the critical role of other parameters such as pore size and scaffold composition was determined in terms of mast cell activity [ 297 ].…”

“…e . MSCs, with immunomodulatory properties is also helpful [ 293 ]. It is thought that the simultaneous induction of anti-inflammatory factors along with the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines is another strategy during the transplantation of scaffolds or hydrogels into the injured muscular tissue [ 298 ].…”